The Psychological Disorder Of The American Psychiatric...

Reaction Paper Prepared by: Xiaoying Zhang Prepared for: Dr. Chapman Introduction The fifth edition released by the American Psychiatric Association concerning the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) was announced in May of 2013. This version differs because DSM-5 combines two disorders that have been previously identified in DSM-4, which are alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence, into one type of disorder. DSM-5 labels this as alcohol use disorder, or AUD, which is then further subdivided into three classifications: mild, moderate, and severe (Alcohol Use Disorder, 2015, p. 1). In this paper, I will discuss the psychological disorder of my uncle’s neighbor who is suffering from alcohol use disorder. For†¦show more content†¦28). This gives credence to AUD as a psychological disorder due to the attitudinal changes that can be evidenced as a result to consumption of alcohol. I have witnessed the effects of AUD firsthand in the person of Mr. Lee, who is my uncle’s neighbor and who lives in the same block where our family resides. He works at a local canning factory as a supervisor in the production area for more than three decades, and is generally always seen in the company of other Asians likewise employed in the said factory. Most probably in his middle forties, Lee is married and has three children aged 12, 8, and 4, who are all studying at a community school not far from our places of residence. Lee’s wife works as a janitress at a nearby small arcade that sells imported herbal goods, Asian massage services, an acupuncture clinic, and thrift shop. Generally, it is easy to perceive Lee as a normal family man belonging to the lower middle class whose only concern is in providing for the everyday needs of his wife and children, in terms of food, shelter and education. I can say that I know Lee quite closely because I often see him in the street or in one of his friends’ front lawn every time I go visit my uncle, which is only about 20-minute walk from my house. More so, my perception of Lee is supplemented by the stories my uncle tells me, which despite of somewhat being amusing for my uncle, is a bit unnerving on my part. In this respect, it had been mentioned in several

Right After The Fun Relaxing 1960’S And Excitement Of The

Right after the fun relaxing 1960’s and excitement of the american dream it all came crashing down in the 1970’s. Political distrust and economic unrest took its toll on the citizens of the United States and so they found refuge in the arts. With the Nixon watergate scandal, withdrawal from vietnam, inflation, the oil crisis, and increasing ‘slum’ areas the american dream began to fall apart, many people awoke to the idea that the United States was not as great as it supposedly was. Many activist groups sought change and people, especially the youth, took comfort in new art forms and ways of expression including disco, postmodern art and punk and grunge styles. Nixon built up a great reputation with the public pre-presidency; he made a†¦show more content†¦The outcome of the vietnam war made future politicians wary to become involved in foreign wars and this coupled with the aftermath of the watergate scandal created unrest and distrust towards key agencies involved in national security, such as the C.I.A. (Central Intelligence Agency) (Berkowitz, 2006, p.32). During the United States fall in vietnam there was other looming issues. The 1973 Arab oil embargo creating a scarcity of oil creating too much demand and strain on oil refineries. In the Arab-Israeli war in October of the same year the United States supported the Israelis, creating tension between Saudi Arabia and the States. Berkowitz (2006) states that they used their oil as a strategic weapon first increasing prices dramatically by 70% and then eventually completely cutting them off (p.64). The seventies saw a reversal of the economic problems in the 1930’s; as prices went up the demand for labour was supposed to increase as well to balance it out but instead it stayed stagnant. In 1975 unemployment rose to 8.5 and inflation was at a rate of 9.2 (Cowie, 2010, p.222). Creating a stagflation in the United States this drastically hurt lower income families, and lower to higher middle class citizens relying on oil daily. With the social difficulties and economic unrest the 1970’s marked the end of brutalist architecture. BrutalistShow MoreRelatedBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 PagesBRAND BUILDING BLOCKS Building Strong Brands: Why Is It Hard? It is not easy to build brands in today s environment. The brand builder who attempts to develop a strong brand is like a golfer playing on a course with heavy roughs, deep sand traps, sharp doglegs, and vast water barriers. It is difficult to score well in such conditions. Substantial pressures and barriers, both internal and external, can inhibit the brand builder. To be able to develop effective brand strategies, it is useful toRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pages HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 APPLICATION SECOND EDITION E S S AY S APPLICATION BUSINESS SCHOOL HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 ECSNS A IYI O N S SE O D ED T With Analysis by the Staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School Newspaper ST. MARTIN’S GRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright  © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. For-information,Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. 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Characteristics of the Ideal Teacher Free Essays

Unprofessional conduct entails characteristics that vary from the ethical conduct set and contrast the expectations of the profession. It may be in the form of words, behavior and in certain instances the beliefs of the person (Munje, 2018). Teachers are expected to be of good if not exemplary character because students more often seek to emulate them in terms of their words and action. We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics of the Ideal Teacher or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to the teaching guidelines and teacher-class expectations, Mrs. Pettit had not committed any crime. This is the main reason as to why her contract was renewed. Her activity in class and interaction with students had been monitored and it was found out that she was a good teacher. As a teacher, she had been able to deliver on all the expected variables and give the students what was expected as per the curriculum. Conversely, the board still terminated her services and revoked her teaching license because she was deemed unfit to be a teacher. Ethics are moral principles that guide the actions and thought processes of a person; a person’s character is highly determined by their ethical considerations. The ethical conducts of teachers are clearly outlined and are expected to be adhered to in order to achieve an effective education system. One of the main code of ethics is that students matter the most (Munje, 2018). The way in which a teacher and the entire teaching body present themselves to the students should have the characters that they hope the students will emulate.Fairness is key in these characters and the board was fair for dismissing the teacher since she had a record and was no longer a good example to the students. The ethical considerations of any institution are based on the rule of law; no one is to be held above the law. In the 1960s, it was considered a crime for a person to engage in oral copulation which Mrs. Pettit pled guilty to. The law of the land always determines the ethics of the different organizations and when she broke the law of the land and admitted to it, she became unfit for the teaching profession. What Mrs. Pettit was doing in her personal life had found a way of spilling to the public and not only was it illegal, having such a person as a teacher is setting up the students to believing that it is okay to break the law. Students are more likely to emulate her especially since such legal proceedings were public and anyone could easily have access to them (Munje, 2018). With such a history and a public record, it would be impossible for Mrs. Pettit to fully achieve the expectations of a teacher and meet the standards that teachers are supposed to set for their students. This is the main reason why the board and the court dismissed her appeals to continue in the profession; it was a way of protecting the younger generation. Sodomy law, which is a law that forbade oral sex and termed it to be punishable by law, was one of the hardest cases to proof (Asal ; Sommer, 2016). This is because some of these instances would occur in the confine of a person’s house and it is not easy to get access to private homes. The only reason Mrs. Pettit was caught is because she would engage in it with many people and outside her home. If it was a matter of any other law being broken, the committee would have put her on probation for a significant period of time where she would be expected not to engage in such acts. However, given that such acts are not easy to determine their occurrence, probation was not an option, dismissal was deemed as the best. Sexual promiscuity and immorality in schools is not tolerated especially during the 1960s. Topics surrounding sexuality and sexual acts were only addressed in murmurs. Unlike today, where sex is used to sell even the most basic products, back in the 1960s, sex was not a topic to be addressed to many (Asal Sommer, 2016). Sexual promiscuity even for consenting adults was viewed as immoral and was not tolerated. This was the culture of the society and with this in mind, the teacher still went on to engage in it with different people and break the law while at it. Such a person was seen as unfit to be in close proximity with children as it may not be clear what else she can be ready to do. According to Munje, 2018, pedophiles and perverts who prey on younger children are usually people they trust and they never expect it from them. The teacher admitted to being guilty of immoral sexual exploits, the board was being cautious by dismissing the teacher because they were chances she may try to engage with students on such and the parents would have blamed the school for having failed to take the necessary actions to protect the students. The preventive measure was the best option in this case and was ethically justified. Ethics are aimed at protecting the people, promoting proper coordination and allowing the continuity of the culture. The teacher was dismissed not because she was not fulfilling her teacher-related responsibilities but because her moral and ethical standards were questionable and had been proven to be so in a court of law (Munje, 2018). The culture at that time viewed oral copulation as immoral and by extension illegal, the dismissal of the teacher was a form of punishment for her immorality while the fine was her punishment for the criminal act. The action was to deter other teachers from engaging in such acts as it would render them out of work while making students understand the intensity of the matter. It also protected the student from what they would have been exposed to had the teacher continued to teach them. This is especially because at times students ask teachers questions unrelated to school work and are bound to heed the advice given. Finally, teachers are expected to create an environment that fosters learning and positivity (Munje, 2018). This includes having good relationships with the parents and other colleagues. With such a public record that revolved around such a sensitive issue in the society, parents were bound to complain about her and want to take their children out of her class. This would greatly affect the teaching environment in her classes and in the school in general. Ethically, her personal decisions will impact the expectations of the educational institution. How to cite Characteristics of the Ideal Teacher, Papers

Demonstration of Gasoline Engine Performance

Question: Explain some points which are as follows:(1) Draw a schematic diagram for the setup of the test system (2) Test Procedure: (a) Fix the engine speed at 2000 rpm, then gradually increase the engine torque output from 60 Nm to 140 Nm with a step of 20 Nm. Task: Record raw data, then fill required results in the table below after necessary calculations; Plot results into appropriate graph. Torque (Nm) Fuel flow* rate (g/s) Power (kW) BSFC** (g/kW.hr) Energy Efficiency Exhaust Temperature (ËÅ ¡C) 60 80 100 120 140 *Take the average reading of 10 seconds; **BSFC Brake Specific Fuel Consumption. (b) Fix the torque at 80 Nm, then increase engine speed from 1800 rpm to 3000 rpm (or from 2100 rpm to 3300 rpm) with a step of 300 rpm. Task: Record raw data, then fill required results in the table below after necessary calculations; Plot results into appropriate graph. Speed (rpm) Fuel flow* rate (g/s) Power (kW) BSFC** (g/kW.hr) Energy Efficiency Exhaust Temperature (ËÅ ¡C) 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 3300 *Take the average reading of 10 seconds; **BSFC Brake Specific Fuel Consumption. (3) Discussion of relations between various operating and performance parameters (4) Conclusions Answer: (1) Schematic diagram for the setup of the test system Test System Engine Dynamometer Shaft Flywheel Exhaust pipe Dynamometer control unit Gas analyzer Fuel measurement system (2) Test Procedure (a)Fix the engine speed at 2000 rpm, then gradually increase the engine torque output from 60 Nm to 140 Nm with a step of 20 Nm. Task: Record raw data, then fill required results in the table below after necessary calculations; Plot results into appropriate graph. Torque (Nm) Fuel flow* rate (g/s) Power (kW) BSFC** (g/kW.hr) Energy Efficiency Exhaust Temperature (ËÅ ¡C) 60 1.410 753600 1.871 x 10 -6 0.01214 80 1.650 1004800 1.642 x 10 -6 0.01384 100 1.940 1256000 1.544 x 10 -6 0.01471 120 2.130 1507200 1.413 x 10 -6 0.01608 140 2.480 1758400 1.410 x 10 -6 0.01611 (*Take the average reading of 10 seconds; **BSFC Brake Specific Fuel Consumption.) Graph 1 : Graph for Torque Vs. Power Graph 2: Graph for Torque Vs. Energy Efficiency Graph 3: Graph for Power Vs. Energy Efficiency (b)Fix the torque at 80 Nm, then increase engine speed from 1800 rpm to 3000 rpm(or from 2100 rpm to 3300 rpm) with a step of 300 rpm. Task: Record raw data, then fill required results in the table below after necessary calculations; Plot results into appropriate graph. Speed (rpm) Fuel flow* rate (g/s) Power (kW) BSFC** (g/kW.hr) Energy Efficiency Exhaust Temperature (ËÅ ¡C) 1800 2100 1.715 1055040 1.625 x 10 -6 0.0139 2400 2.110 1205760 1.749 x 10 -6 0.0129 2700 2.430 1356480 1.791 x 10 -6 0.0126 3000 2.980 1507200 1.977 x 10 -6 0.0114 3300 3.530 1657920 2.129 x 10 -6 0.0106 *Take the average reading of 10 seconds; **BSFC Brake Specific Fuel Consumption Graph 1 : Graph for. Power Vs. Energy Efficiency Graph 2 : Graph for Speed Vs. Power Graph 3 : Graph for Fuel Flow Vs. Power (3) DISCUSSION Relations between operating parameters and performance parametersGasoline engine is also termed as petrol engine. It consists of internal combustion engine having spark ignition. It is designed and developed to run with gasoline or petrol and other fuels. Petrol engines are usually run on the two stroke or four stroke cycle. There are many parameters existing with the function and performance of the gasoline engine. The important parameters are brake power, which is measured at the flywheel. Brake power is the actual mechanical power output related to the engine. Power output is slightly dependent on the energy value of the fuel that has been using, humidity and ambient air temperature. So, while testing, the engines are usually rated at 250C and humidity considered is 50%. There are many other parameters for the engine, like the speed of the engine, torque, power, fuel flow, brake specific fuel consumption or BSFC, energy efficiency and exhaust temperature. Exhaust temperature or exhaust gas temperature is an important parameter of the gasoline engine. It has significant role to the function of the catalytic converted related to the internal combustion engine. It is measured with the help of the exhaust gas temperature gauge. (4) Conclusion In the gasoline engine performance, the total energy efficiency is measured by taking the engine speed as a fixed parameter. Fuel flow is measured for the varied torque and the final energy efficiency is calculated. And apart from that, torque is kept as a constant value and fuel flow is measured for varied engine speeds. By considering the input and output parameters, the overall graph is plot and shown. So, the demonstration of gasoline engine performance experiment is completed considering multiple parameters and calculating the energy efficiency accordingly. References Ioannis Gravalos, Dimitrois Moshou, Theodoros Gialamas, Panagiotis Xyradakis, Dimitrois Kateris and Zisis Tsiropoulos, Performance and Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled with Ethanol and methanol gasoline blended fuels, Chapter 7, Intech Open Science, viewed on January 2015, "https://www.intechopen.com/books/alternative-fuel/performance-and-emission-characteristics-of-spark-ignition-engine-fuelled-with-ethanol-and-methanol-"https://www.intechopen.com/books/alternative-fuel/performance-and-emission-characteristics-of-spark-ignition-engine-fuelled-with-ethanol-and-methanol- Standard Support and And Environmental Impact Statement, Volume 1: Stationary Internal Combustion Engines, EPA-450/2-78-125a, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, July 1979

The Role of Satire in El Buscon

Table of Contents Introduction Discussion Conclusion Bibliography Footnotes Introduction Francisco de Quevedo was among the most famous poet and writers in Spain during the Golden Age. He was born in Madrid where his family formed the government. He lost his parents at an early age .He joined Alcala University where he studied humanities as well as theology in Valladolid. Quevedo learned many modern languages including Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. At the age of 25 years, he published his first poem. El Buscon novel is among the most famous works of Quevedo.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Satire in El Buscon specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The novel was written in 1604 and published later in 1626.The book was however published out of Quevedos knowledge. El Buscon is a picaresque novel. These are fiction novels, which use satire in representation of ideas. In this case, the author is usually humorous through exaggeration of ideas. In these novels, characters use their wit so that they can survive in the society, which is usually corrupt. This style of writing novels is widely used by writers in the modern literature. The style is very important because it makes literature works interesting.[1] Satire is a stylistic device in which the author uses irony or exaggerations in expressing ideas. Satire has played a major role in writing this novel. The paper shows how satire is used in the novel and how it helps in the development of the plot of the story. Discussion The novel El Buston revolves around the adventures of Don Pablos who is described as a buscon. This individual uses unfair means like cheating and stealing in order to obtain money or properties. Two things that Pablos wanted to achieve in life were that he wanted to grow as a person as well as learning good morals but he never achieved any. Even though the novel satirizes Spanish life, it acted as a literary exercise fo r Quevedo who represented the different characteristics of these people but with exaggerations, which produced a comic effect. The novel profound the notion that children from honorable parents should be honored and never those whose parents are not .The author of the novel satirizes the Spanish society. He also attacks the main character in the story Pablos, a character who always struggles to achieve a higher position.[2] Quevedo is against the idea of moving from one class to another because to him, it is a way of creating disorder in the society. Quivedo punished Pablos because of his attempts to be better placed. Pablos has believed that all human beings were equal. The book is very important because it portrays many aspects of the society. Through the novel, we learn more about a thief. The book is divided into three main parts. Several themes are clearly portrayed in the novel, for example, the theme of family as well as legal and lawless cruelty. As the story begins, Pablos is a child whereas his father Clemente Pablos is a thief and a barber. Aldonza, Pablos’ mother is portrayed as a witch and a prostitute.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More We learn through Pablos that his mother was a new Christian convert. Pablos had a brother who had been flogged to death in prison, as he was a thief. The characters in the story are satirized. For example, being a barber, we do not expect Pablos’ father to be a thief. He has a right way of earning his living. The character of the mother is also satirized because as a new Christian convert, she should not engage in prostitution. Witchcraft is too not advocated for in the Christian life. Pablos was interested in studies and his parents allowed him to enroll in a school. Don Diego Coronel was Pablos’ best friend at school. He is faced with many challenges at school after which he decides t o stop schooling. He decides not to go back home again. Don Diego remains to be his best friend and he too leaves school. Don Alanso, the father of Diego decides to hand over the two boys as wards to Dominle Cabra in Segovia. Pablos and Diego suffer a lot in the hands of Cabra especially lack of enough food. The death of one boy due to starvation made Alanso to shift the boys from that school to Alcala to continue with their studies.[3] As Alanso, Diego and Pablos travelled to Alcala, they came across a group of students who mocked Pablos. After the three arrived at Alacala, Pablos was separated from Don Diego and beaten up by some University students because he was not a person enough. Pablos shared his room with four other students who also beat him up during the night. Not being a person is not enough for one to be beaten up. It is ironical because he does not defend himself. His reaction is funny because he kills pigs, which he does not own. He holds a party in which he tricks h is property owner into giving two chickens in exchange. This is satirical because the value of a pig can never be equivalent to that of a chicken. Among the bad habits included stealing sweets from a merchant in the locality as well as swords. His friends laugh at him, because of the things that he does. The author exaggerates his characters because a sweet is a minor thing to be stolen from a merchant. Pablos should have stolen things of greater value. During their stay in Alcala, Pablos got a letter, which informed him of the death of his father who had been hanged.[4] The letter also indicated that his mother was in jail. Don Diego also received a letter from his father who warned him against his friendship with the Pablos. The friendship between Pablos and Don Diego ends. Pablos arranges to meet with one of his relatives who would arrange for Pablos inheritance of his fathers wealth who was already dead. The way in which the above problems occur to Pablos is satirical. His fathe r is hanged, his mother is in jail and his best friend leaves him. It is not possible that all of these took place at the same time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Satire in El Buscon specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As he travelled to Segovia to claim his properties, he came across an insane engineer. They discussed many topics with the engineer. They went to an inn where he met with a teacher who tried to teach him a lesson. It is satirical that the characters that Pablos interacted with were mad. Does it mean that he did not come across mentally fit persons who he could share with what he had? On their arrival to Cercedilla, they played cards where Hermit tricked them and ended up as the winner of all the games that they played. On arrival to Segovia, he met with Alanso Ramplomn his uncle. People celebrate in his uncle’s house at a great dinner where they ate and drunk. Pablos is however n ot involved in the party. As people enjoy, he moves around the compound. He returns to the house and drives away all the people present in the party except his uncle who was supposed to discuss the issue of inheritance. It is funny that Pablos decided to drive his uncles visitors away and they did nothing wrong to him and his uncle does not seem to question him. The man who claims to be a person teaches Pablos of the expected behavior in court. He taught him lying techniques as well as some of the ways in which he could take advantage of other people in some situations.[5] The main aim of the alleged hidalgo was to pass knowledge to Pablos on the way in which he could use unfair means in obtaining other peoples properties or even take advantage of other people in particular situations. Pablos is displayed as a character whose character traits are not acceptable in the society. Being corrupt is a vice discouraged by all societies.[6] Pablos and the alleged person visited Don Toribio in his house. Don Torobio is another man who claims to be a man. In this house, Pablos met with deceitful and unreliable people like thieves and gangsters. Pablos is dressed in tattered clothes, which makes his appearance funny bearing in mind that he is one person who intends to be a gentleman. Pablos was arrested and taken to the prison together with the friends he met at Toribios house. At the jail, Pablos befriended a jailer through whom he is not flogged. When Pablos told the jailer that he is related to his wife, he accepted and helped him. Does it mean that he is not aware of his wife’s relatives? â€Å"Pablos changed his name to Ramilo de Guzman and went to an inn where he pretended to be a rich man with the aim of winning Berenguela de Rebolledo, a daughter of the innkeeper.†[7] He succeeded in his lies and Berenguela allowed him to visit her during the night. She told him climb at the top of the roof so that he can enter her room without other people’s awareness. The roof collapsed as he tried to enter the room after which the innkeepers wake up, beat him up and finally throw him to jail again. It is very difficult to access a room through the roof.[8]Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As he was in jail, he suffered a lot as he was beaten up until two men one from Portugal and the other one from Catalonia saved him. Again, he changes his name to Don Felipe Tristan. Villa is the residence of the two rich women. One of the women has three married nieces and she wants Pablos to marry one of them. Pablos falls in love with Dona Ana the most beautiful girl of the three. During Pablos’ picnic with Dona Ana, they came across Don Diego who recognizes Pablos at the first sight. Pablos does not however recognize him. Pablos stays behind until he changes to his new begging career.[9] In his begging career, Pablos met with Valcazar a beggar who introduced him to the world of begging. He used the money he obtained from begging to buy new clothes. In addition, he bought a hat and a sword. He then migrated to Toledo where people did not know him. In Toledo, he joined comedic actors where he worked as a scriptwriter. He was also a poet in Toledo. At this place, his new nam e was Alanso el Cruel. Unfortunately, the arrest of the group leader by the police led to the disintegration of the group. Pablos leaves the acting career and falls in love with a nun. Finally, Pablos travels to Seville and joins a group of gangsters. The gangsters went out, drunk and ate together so that they lost control over their behavior. Pablos and the other thieves were fortunate as they managed to escape. It is satirical that Pablos and the other gangsters managed to escape from the police bearing in mind that they were intoxicated and therefore they did not have control on themselves. After this, they travelled to Indies to see if there will be any positive change in their lives. We however learn through Pablos that life was even harder for him in America.[10] Conclusion Satire is a very useful stylistic device. The use of satire makes works interesting such that individual feel like they should continue reading. As people read satirize works, they laugh and all their atten tion is drawn into what they are reading. For example, the reader of this novel will be interested to know the reason behind Pablos’ change of names. In many cases, people who change their names so that they cannot be recognized usually have bad motives. The stages through which Pablos passes are satirized. He moves from being a beggar, scriptwriter and a poet, falls in love with a nun and finally joins a group of gangsters. In each stage, he changed his names. The novel is full of characters that are not morally upright. We have weared characters in the novel like witches and thieves who are not acceptable in many societies. Satire is used in development of the plot of the story. Bibliography Barnstone, W. (1997). Six Masters of the Spanish Sonnet: Francisco de Quevedo, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Antonio Machado, Federico Garcia Lorca, Jorge Luis Borges, Miguel Hernandez. New York, NY: SIU Press. Cruz, A. (1999). Discourses of poverty: social reform and the picaresque novel in early modern Spain. New York, NY: University of Toronto Press. Dunn, P. (1993). Spanish picaresque fiction: a new literary history. London: Cornell University Press. Quevedo, F. (1610). El Buscon, Francisco de Quevedo Villegas (1580–1645), Filologà ­a, 9, pp. 163–200. Footnotes Barnstone, W. (1997). Six Masters of the Spanish Sonnet: Francisco de Quevedo, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Antonio Machado, Federico Garcia Lorca, Jorge Luis Borges, Miguel Hernandez. New York: SIU Press. Barnstone, W. (1997). Six Masters of the Spanish Sonnet: Francisco de Quevedo, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Antonio Machado, Federico Garcia Lorca, Jorge Luis Borges, Miguel Hernandez. New York: SIU Press. P. 22. Barnstone, W. (1997). Six Masters of the Spanish Sonnet: Francisco de Quevedo, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Antonio Machado, Federico Garcia Lorca, Jorge Luis Borges, Miguel Hernandez. New York: SIU Press. P. 30. Barnstone, W. (1997). Six Masters of the Spanish Sonnet: Francisco de Que vedo, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Antonio Machado, Federico Garcia Lorca, Jorge Luis Borges, Miguel Hernandez. New York: SIU Press. P. 45. Barnstone, W. (1997). Six Masters of the Spanish Sonnet: Francisco de Quevedo, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Antonio Machado, Federico Garcia Lorca, Jorge Luis Borges, Miguel Hernandez. New York: SIU Press. P. 70. Quevedo, F. (1610). El Buscon, Francisco de Quevedo Villegas (1580–1645), Filologà ­a, 9, pp. 163–200. Quevedo, F. (1610). El Buscon, Francisco de Quevedo Villegas (1580–1645), Filologà ­a, 9, pp. 163–200. Cruz, A. (1999). Discourses of poverty: social reform and the picaresque novel in early modern Spain. New York, NY: University of Toronto Press. P. 115. Ibid. p. 120. Dunn, P. (1993). Spanish picaresque fiction: a new literary history. London: Cornell University Press. This essay on The Role of Satire in El Buscon was written and submitted by user Jazlyn Fox to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Health Behaviors as Mediators for the Effect of Partner Abuse on Infant Birth Weight

Health Behaviors as Mediators for the Effect of Partner Abuse on Infant Birth Weight Free Online Research Papers Health Behaviors as Mediators for the Effect of Partner Abuse on Infant Birth Weight The title of this study is Health Behaviors as Mediators for the Effect of Partner Abuse on Infant Birth weight. The research topic is reflective of the title. The research question stated that â€Å"Intimate partner abuse of pregnant women has been linked to the delivery of low birth-weight infants† ( Kearney, 2004 p.2) . The purpose of this study was to explore the role of substance abuse such as smoking, alcohol, drugs and weight gain of less than 15 pounds as possible factors that contribute to lower infant birth-weight. The problem of this study is to determine whether intimate partner abuse of pregnant women correlates with lower birth weight. Also, the researchers wanted to find out if substance abuse and other variables such as poor nutrition and demographic risk factors put a woman at risk for low birth -weight infants. This study was done within ethical standards. Chart reviews were completed on the sample since they were standard questions and didn’t need approval. However, the Institutional review board (IRB) did give approval for each prenatal care site to obtain other data throughout the study. In the review of literature, there were eleven references five years or less and 27 references older than five years. The review was concise in explaining the results of the study. The review does flow logically from the purpose of the study to completion. However, the article was somewhat confusing with all the variables. Both classic and current sources were included. Direct quotes as well as paraphrases were used considering the 38 references. There were many aspects to this study and support for the theory. Opposing literature was also cited in several instances.. The researchers reported their own statistical findings from their chosen analysis. They researched several data sources, and quoted where material was obtained in order to validate the study. For example, authors Curry et al., 1998; and Parker et al., 1994 had published an article on previous studies of abuse during pregnancy. Kearney et al., from this current article used some of the previously published infor mation and statistics, expanding on findings and including data in this research paper. The opposing theory recorded in this article was the effect of the correlation between the dependant and independent variables. Many instances indicated that there was little correlation between abuse and low birth-weight infants despite the fact that the purpose of this study was to see if there was a correlation between these variables. Several explanations were given as to why theories could not be proven according to revealed statistics and studies. However, there were many links as to what may cause low birth-weight infants. There was really no existing theory, so the researchers in this study used a conceptual framework to serve as the â€Å"impetus for the formulation of a theory† (Niewswiadomy, p.95). The hypotheses was based on proposed theoretical relations (Kearney, p. 1). Negative factors such as alcohol use, and poor weight-gain less than 15 pounds may predict the birth-weight. Another theoretical relation was that variables such as low income and maternal age less than 20 years were factors that increase the likelihood of low birth-weight infants. There were many independent variables covered in this article which helped to close the gap between the purpose and the literature findings. The method by which this study was conducted was stated in the research paper. Thirteen prenatal care sites participated in the study. They conducted and evaluated chart reviews for â€Å"non-representative sample of women who had been screened during pregnancy for intimate partner abuse.† (Kearney , p.5) The population of these women included various types of payments for health insurance and some women paid their own health insurance. â€Å"A large number of charts (N =5,745) of women who enrolled for care over a 30 month period were reviewed. Screening by hospitals for possible abusive situations was less than 50%. So the final number for this analysis was (N = 1969) of the birth-weight that was actually known after birth ( Kearney, 2004 , p.5). Also, substance abuse data of these women was taken into consideration. The instruments used for this study were both valid and reliable. Instruments included the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) and a Multiple regression analysis. Violence to these women was easily detected through these instruments. Investigators conducted chart reviews and abstracted variables such as â€Å"demographic, obstetric, and birth outcome data from medical records† (Kearney , p. 6) . Multiple regression analysis was used with several variables that would account for possible decreases in birth-weight of newborn infants. The correlation of birth weight and abuse were studied. The data was assimilated and ‘in the sample of 1,969 women, small but significant zero-order correlations were seen between birth-weight and recent partner abuse† (Kearney, p.9). It was concluded that there are many factors that predict low birth-weight. The ones cited most were the single mother and negative health behaviors such as smoking and low weight gain, less than 15 pounds. Also, abuse was not a strong factor in predicting low infant birth-weight. However, smoking and drug use may increase the incidence. Single marital status often reflects low social support. Negative health behaviors and race (variables) was weakly linked to abuse. Generally, it depends on one’s social conditions. Ã…buse can happen in any social status (Kearney, p. 9). This article rates number four in the critique category of satisfying the basic requirements of scientific research. The study was approved by the IRB and approval was maintained for each of the 13 sites for the duration of the data collection (Kearney, p.8) . This study can easily be used with other cultures in determining the impact of drugs and abuse. Mostly, the African American population was cited. This is because more African Americans are in a lower socio-economic status often times than are whites. They may not be able to have a well-balanced diet and as a result infant birth-weight could be slightly lower. Several variables were used, especially variables that could explain the low birth-weight of these infants. Some of these variables included demographic, medical and obstetric risk factors. These variables were all recorded (Kearney, 2004, p. 6) . The study was simplified by those conducting the data by use of the Abuse Assessment screen. The assessment screen was used for emotional and physical abuse during pregnancy. However, the yes or no questions may have not always had truthful answers. (Kearney, p. 12) Prior to beginning this research, nurses were trained in each of the 13 settings regarding proper use of this tool, in order to make the study valid. Variables only indirectly caused low birth-weight of infants. It is only natural for abused women to abuse themselves in other ways, due to stress. More often, the low socioeconomic status, poor nutrition, and lack of education regarding the use of illicit substances during pregnancy could cause low birth-weight infants. Single marital status was the strongest contributory factor in causing low birth-weight infants (Kearney, p.ll). The abuse often occurs when a significant other is also stressed due to many concerns surrounding the pregnancy such as financial stress. In the final discussion and conclusion, according to Kearney, obstetric covariates explained 27% of the variance in birth weight. Abuse explained a very small 0.2%, but significant portion of the variance in birth weight after control was used for the obstetric covariates of gestational age, iatrogenic prematurity, and preterm rupture of membranes.† Scientific methods to obtain the hypothesis were quite detailed, and there were many extraneous variables included that may cause the low birth-weight of infants. This article allowed the reader to see that other variables might be a topic in future studies for the prediction of low birth weight infants. For example, partner abuse may occur simultaneously with substance abuse, but is not the main factor. In conclusion, the author’s of this research study do recommend future studies regarding the role that other factors may play in an infant’s well being (Kearney, p. 12). The studies did make one aware that it is necessary for women to have comprehensive prenatal abuse screenings and more support during their pregnancies in order to assure the best possible outcome for both mother and baby. References Kearney, M., Munro, B., Ursula, K., Hawkins, J. (2004). 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Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example These subcultures would include, age, income, gender, social class, ethnicity, norms as well as cultural beliefs among others. Different markets equally exist and they all have particular characteristics, which are directly or indirectly influential towards consumer behavior especially as relating to the subcultures outlined above (Mullins and Walker, 2014, para 1-6). Is this study, this paper focuses on evaluating the comparatively the impacts of age and income as subcultures towards consumer behavior in the holiday market. The study therefore focuses on how particular subcultures (age and income in this case) influence the way consumer(s) reason, think, choose and make decisions on different brands, products or even services in focus to the holiday markets. Besides, the study will evaluate how the subcultures have influence on the manner of decisions and choices made by the consumers. The understanding of the holiday market would be better understood through the model of ‘travel-buying behavior’, which is what the market entails. The linear five-stage model developed by Mathieson and Wall in 1982 illustrates various components that influence the consumer behavior in the holiday market. The first segment explains how the desire or need for travel (may be for a holiday) develops and this is followed by the consumer gathering information in the market. Having enough and relevant information aids at decision making by the consumer while deciding between alternatives after which the necessary preparation commences. Travel and such other experiences as are characteristic in holiday market explain the outcomes of behaviors adopted by the consumer. The fifth stage illustrates the stage of evaluation, as the consumer would have to do after such a market experience(Mathieson and Wall, 1982, p. 95). Literature and past studies reveal that consumers are directly influenced by age especially when it regards free will consumer decisions such as are involved