The Psychological Disorder Of The American Psychiatric...

Reaction Paper Prepared by: Xiaoying Zhang Prepared for: Dr. Chapman Introduction The fifth edition released by the American Psychiatric Association concerning the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) was announced in May of 2013. This version differs because DSM-5 combines two disorders that have been previously identified in DSM-4, which are alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence, into one type of disorder. DSM-5 labels this as alcohol use disorder, or AUD, which is then further subdivided into three classifications: mild, moderate, and severe (Alcohol Use Disorder, 2015, p. 1). In this paper, I will discuss the psychological disorder of my uncle’s neighbor who is suffering from alcohol use disorder. For†¦show more content†¦28). This gives credence to AUD as a psychological disorder due to the attitudinal changes that can be evidenced as a result to consumption of alcohol. I have witnessed the effects of AUD firsthand in the person of Mr. Lee, who is my uncle’s neighbor and who lives in the same block where our family resides. He works at a local canning factory as a supervisor in the production area for more than three decades, and is generally always seen in the company of other Asians likewise employed in the said factory. Most probably in his middle forties, Lee is married and has three children aged 12, 8, and 4, who are all studying at a community school not far from our places of residence. Lee’s wife works as a janitress at a nearby small arcade that sells imported herbal goods, Asian massage services, an acupuncture clinic, and thrift shop. Generally, it is easy to perceive Lee as a normal family man belonging to the lower middle class whose only concern is in providing for the everyday needs of his wife and children, in terms of food, shelter and education. I can say that I know Lee quite closely because I often see him in the street or in one of his friends’ front lawn every time I go visit my uncle, which is only about 20-minute walk from my house. More so, my perception of Lee is supplemented by the stories my uncle tells me, which despite of somewhat being amusing for my uncle, is a bit unnerving on my part. In this respect, it had been mentioned in several

Right After The Fun Relaxing 1960’S And Excitement Of The

Right after the fun relaxing 1960’s and excitement of the american dream it all came crashing down in the 1970’s. Political distrust and economic unrest took its toll on the citizens of the United States and so they found refuge in the arts. With the Nixon watergate scandal, withdrawal from vietnam, inflation, the oil crisis, and increasing ‘slum’ areas the american dream began to fall apart, many people awoke to the idea that the United States was not as great as it supposedly was. Many activist groups sought change and people, especially the youth, took comfort in new art forms and ways of expression including disco, postmodern art and punk and grunge styles. Nixon built up a great reputation with the public pre-presidency; he made a†¦show more content†¦The outcome of the vietnam war made future politicians wary to become involved in foreign wars and this coupled with the aftermath of the watergate scandal created unrest and distrust towards key agencies involved in national security, such as the C.I.A. (Central Intelligence Agency) (Berkowitz, 2006, p.32). During the United States fall in vietnam there was other looming issues. The 1973 Arab oil embargo creating a scarcity of oil creating too much demand and strain on oil refineries. In the Arab-Israeli war in October of the same year the United States supported the Israelis, creating tension between Saudi Arabia and the States. Berkowitz (2006) states that they used their oil as a strategic weapon first increasing prices dramatically by 70% and then eventually completely cutting them off (p.64). The seventies saw a reversal of the economic problems in the 1930’s; as prices went up the demand for labour was supposed to increase as well to balance it out but instead it stayed stagnant. In 1975 unemployment rose to 8.5 and inflation was at a rate of 9.2 (Cowie, 2010, p.222). Creating a stagflation in the United States this drastically hurt lower income families, and lower to higher middle class citizens relying on oil daily. With the social difficulties and economic unrest the 1970’s marked the end of brutalist architecture. BrutalistShow MoreRelatedBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 PagesBRAND BUILDING BLOCKS Building Strong Brands: Why Is It Hard? It is not easy to build brands in today s environment. The brand builder who attempts to develop a strong brand is like a golfer playing on a course with heavy roughs, deep sand traps, sharp doglegs, and vast water barriers. It is difficult to score well in such conditions. Substantial pressures and barriers, both internal and external, can inhibit the brand builder. To be able to develop effective brand strategies, it is useful toRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pages HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 APPLICATION SECOND EDITION E S S AY S APPLICATION BUSINESS SCHOOL HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 ECSNS A IYI O N S SE O D ED T With Analysis by the Staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School Newspaper ST. MARTIN’S GRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright  © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. For-information,Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. 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Characteristics of the Ideal Teacher Free Essays

Unprofessional conduct entails characteristics that vary from the ethical conduct set and contrast the expectations of the profession. It may be in the form of words, behavior and in certain instances the beliefs of the person (Munje, 2018). Teachers are expected to be of good if not exemplary character because students more often seek to emulate them in terms of their words and action. We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics of the Ideal Teacher or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to the teaching guidelines and teacher-class expectations, Mrs. Pettit had not committed any crime. This is the main reason as to why her contract was renewed. Her activity in class and interaction with students had been monitored and it was found out that she was a good teacher. As a teacher, she had been able to deliver on all the expected variables and give the students what was expected as per the curriculum. Conversely, the board still terminated her services and revoked her teaching license because she was deemed unfit to be a teacher. Ethics are moral principles that guide the actions and thought processes of a person; a person’s character is highly determined by their ethical considerations. The ethical conducts of teachers are clearly outlined and are expected to be adhered to in order to achieve an effective education system. One of the main code of ethics is that students matter the most (Munje, 2018). The way in which a teacher and the entire teaching body present themselves to the students should have the characters that they hope the students will emulate.Fairness is key in these characters and the board was fair for dismissing the teacher since she had a record and was no longer a good example to the students. The ethical considerations of any institution are based on the rule of law; no one is to be held above the law. In the 1960s, it was considered a crime for a person to engage in oral copulation which Mrs. Pettit pled guilty to. The law of the land always determines the ethics of the different organizations and when she broke the law of the land and admitted to it, she became unfit for the teaching profession. What Mrs. Pettit was doing in her personal life had found a way of spilling to the public and not only was it illegal, having such a person as a teacher is setting up the students to believing that it is okay to break the law. Students are more likely to emulate her especially since such legal proceedings were public and anyone could easily have access to them (Munje, 2018). With such a history and a public record, it would be impossible for Mrs. Pettit to fully achieve the expectations of a teacher and meet the standards that teachers are supposed to set for their students. This is the main reason why the board and the court dismissed her appeals to continue in the profession; it was a way of protecting the younger generation. Sodomy law, which is a law that forbade oral sex and termed it to be punishable by law, was one of the hardest cases to proof (Asal ; Sommer, 2016). This is because some of these instances would occur in the confine of a person’s house and it is not easy to get access to private homes. The only reason Mrs. Pettit was caught is because she would engage in it with many people and outside her home. If it was a matter of any other law being broken, the committee would have put her on probation for a significant period of time where she would be expected not to engage in such acts. However, given that such acts are not easy to determine their occurrence, probation was not an option, dismissal was deemed as the best. Sexual promiscuity and immorality in schools is not tolerated especially during the 1960s. Topics surrounding sexuality and sexual acts were only addressed in murmurs. Unlike today, where sex is used to sell even the most basic products, back in the 1960s, sex was not a topic to be addressed to many (Asal Sommer, 2016). Sexual promiscuity even for consenting adults was viewed as immoral and was not tolerated. This was the culture of the society and with this in mind, the teacher still went on to engage in it with different people and break the law while at it. Such a person was seen as unfit to be in close proximity with children as it may not be clear what else she can be ready to do. According to Munje, 2018, pedophiles and perverts who prey on younger children are usually people they trust and they never expect it from them. The teacher admitted to being guilty of immoral sexual exploits, the board was being cautious by dismissing the teacher because they were chances she may try to engage with students on such and the parents would have blamed the school for having failed to take the necessary actions to protect the students. The preventive measure was the best option in this case and was ethically justified. Ethics are aimed at protecting the people, promoting proper coordination and allowing the continuity of the culture. The teacher was dismissed not because she was not fulfilling her teacher-related responsibilities but because her moral and ethical standards were questionable and had been proven to be so in a court of law (Munje, 2018). The culture at that time viewed oral copulation as immoral and by extension illegal, the dismissal of the teacher was a form of punishment for her immorality while the fine was her punishment for the criminal act. The action was to deter other teachers from engaging in such acts as it would render them out of work while making students understand the intensity of the matter. It also protected the student from what they would have been exposed to had the teacher continued to teach them. This is especially because at times students ask teachers questions unrelated to school work and are bound to heed the advice given. Finally, teachers are expected to create an environment that fosters learning and positivity (Munje, 2018). This includes having good relationships with the parents and other colleagues. With such a public record that revolved around such a sensitive issue in the society, parents were bound to complain about her and want to take their children out of her class. This would greatly affect the teaching environment in her classes and in the school in general. Ethically, her personal decisions will impact the expectations of the educational institution. How to cite Characteristics of the Ideal Teacher, Papers

Demonstration of Gasoline Engine Performance

Question: Explain some points which are as follows:(1) Draw a schematic diagram for the setup of the test system (2) Test Procedure: (a) Fix the engine speed at 2000 rpm, then gradually increase the engine torque output from 60 Nm to 140 Nm with a step of 20 Nm. Task: Record raw data, then fill required results in the table below after necessary calculations; Plot results into appropriate graph. Torque (Nm) Fuel flow* rate (g/s) Power (kW) BSFC** (g/kW.hr) Energy Efficiency Exhaust Temperature (ËÅ ¡C) 60 80 100 120 140 *Take the average reading of 10 seconds; **BSFC Brake Specific Fuel Consumption. (b) Fix the torque at 80 Nm, then increase engine speed from 1800 rpm to 3000 rpm (or from 2100 rpm to 3300 rpm) with a step of 300 rpm. Task: Record raw data, then fill required results in the table below after necessary calculations; Plot results into appropriate graph. Speed (rpm) Fuel flow* rate (g/s) Power (kW) BSFC** (g/kW.hr) Energy Efficiency Exhaust Temperature (ËÅ ¡C) 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 3300 *Take the average reading of 10 seconds; **BSFC Brake Specific Fuel Consumption. (3) Discussion of relations between various operating and performance parameters (4) Conclusions Answer: (1) Schematic diagram for the setup of the test system Test System Engine Dynamometer Shaft Flywheel Exhaust pipe Dynamometer control unit Gas analyzer Fuel measurement system (2) Test Procedure (a)Fix the engine speed at 2000 rpm, then gradually increase the engine torque output from 60 Nm to 140 Nm with a step of 20 Nm. Task: Record raw data, then fill required results in the table below after necessary calculations; Plot results into appropriate graph. Torque (Nm) Fuel flow* rate (g/s) Power (kW) BSFC** (g/kW.hr) Energy Efficiency Exhaust Temperature (ËÅ ¡C) 60 1.410 753600 1.871 x 10 -6 0.01214 80 1.650 1004800 1.642 x 10 -6 0.01384 100 1.940 1256000 1.544 x 10 -6 0.01471 120 2.130 1507200 1.413 x 10 -6 0.01608 140 2.480 1758400 1.410 x 10 -6 0.01611 (*Take the average reading of 10 seconds; **BSFC Brake Specific Fuel Consumption.) Graph 1 : Graph for Torque Vs. Power Graph 2: Graph for Torque Vs. Energy Efficiency Graph 3: Graph for Power Vs. Energy Efficiency (b)Fix the torque at 80 Nm, then increase engine speed from 1800 rpm to 3000 rpm(or from 2100 rpm to 3300 rpm) with a step of 300 rpm. Task: Record raw data, then fill required results in the table below after necessary calculations; Plot results into appropriate graph. Speed (rpm) Fuel flow* rate (g/s) Power (kW) BSFC** (g/kW.hr) Energy Efficiency Exhaust Temperature (ËÅ ¡C) 1800 2100 1.715 1055040 1.625 x 10 -6 0.0139 2400 2.110 1205760 1.749 x 10 -6 0.0129 2700 2.430 1356480 1.791 x 10 -6 0.0126 3000 2.980 1507200 1.977 x 10 -6 0.0114 3300 3.530 1657920 2.129 x 10 -6 0.0106 *Take the average reading of 10 seconds; **BSFC Brake Specific Fuel Consumption Graph 1 : Graph for. Power Vs. Energy Efficiency Graph 2 : Graph for Speed Vs. Power Graph 3 : Graph for Fuel Flow Vs. Power (3) DISCUSSION Relations between operating parameters and performance parametersGasoline engine is also termed as petrol engine. It consists of internal combustion engine having spark ignition. It is designed and developed to run with gasoline or petrol and other fuels. Petrol engines are usually run on the two stroke or four stroke cycle. There are many parameters existing with the function and performance of the gasoline engine. The important parameters are brake power, which is measured at the flywheel. Brake power is the actual mechanical power output related to the engine. Power output is slightly dependent on the energy value of the fuel that has been using, humidity and ambient air temperature. So, while testing, the engines are usually rated at 250C and humidity considered is 50%. There are many other parameters for the engine, like the speed of the engine, torque, power, fuel flow, brake specific fuel consumption or BSFC, energy efficiency and exhaust temperature. Exhaust temperature or exhaust gas temperature is an important parameter of the gasoline engine. It has significant role to the function of the catalytic converted related to the internal combustion engine. It is measured with the help of the exhaust gas temperature gauge. (4) Conclusion In the gasoline engine performance, the total energy efficiency is measured by taking the engine speed as a fixed parameter. Fuel flow is measured for the varied torque and the final energy efficiency is calculated. And apart from that, torque is kept as a constant value and fuel flow is measured for varied engine speeds. By considering the input and output parameters, the overall graph is plot and shown. So, the demonstration of gasoline engine performance experiment is completed considering multiple parameters and calculating the energy efficiency accordingly. References Ioannis Gravalos, Dimitrois Moshou, Theodoros Gialamas, Panagiotis Xyradakis, Dimitrois Kateris and Zisis Tsiropoulos, Performance and Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled with Ethanol and methanol gasoline blended fuels, Chapter 7, Intech Open Science, viewed on January 2015, "https://www.intechopen.com/books/alternative-fuel/performance-and-emission-characteristics-of-spark-ignition-engine-fuelled-with-ethanol-and-methanol-"https://www.intechopen.com/books/alternative-fuel/performance-and-emission-characteristics-of-spark-ignition-engine-fuelled-with-ethanol-and-methanol- Standard Support and And Environmental Impact Statement, Volume 1: Stationary Internal Combustion Engines, EPA-450/2-78-125a, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, July 1979

The Role of Satire in El Buscon

Table of Contents Introduction Discussion Conclusion Bibliography Footnotes Introduction Francisco de Quevedo was among the most famous poet and writers in Spain during the Golden Age. He was born in Madrid where his family formed the government. He lost his parents at an early age .He joined Alcala University where he studied humanities as well as theology in Valladolid. Quevedo learned many modern languages including Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. At the age of 25 years, he published his first poem. El Buscon novel is among the most famous works of Quevedo.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Satire in El Buscon specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The novel was written in 1604 and published later in 1626.The book was however published out of Quevedos knowledge. El Buscon is a picaresque novel. These are fiction novels, which use satire in representation of ideas. In this case, the author is usually humorous through exaggeration of ideas. In these novels, characters use their wit so that they can survive in the society, which is usually corrupt. This style of writing novels is widely used by writers in the modern literature. The style is very important because it makes literature works interesting.[1] Satire is a stylistic device in which the author uses irony or exaggerations in expressing ideas. Satire has played a major role in writing this novel. The paper shows how satire is used in the novel and how it helps in the development of the plot of the story. Discussion The novel El Buston revolves around the adventures of Don Pablos who is described as a buscon. This individual uses unfair means like cheating and stealing in order to obtain money or properties. Two things that Pablos wanted to achieve in life were that he wanted to grow as a person as well as learning good morals but he never achieved any. Even though the novel satirizes Spanish life, it acted as a literary exercise fo r Quevedo who represented the different characteristics of these people but with exaggerations, which produced a comic effect. The novel profound the notion that children from honorable parents should be honored and never those whose parents are not .The author of the novel satirizes the Spanish society. He also attacks the main character in the story Pablos, a character who always struggles to achieve a higher position.[2] Quevedo is against the idea of moving from one class to another because to him, it is a way of creating disorder in the society. Quivedo punished Pablos because of his attempts to be better placed. Pablos has believed that all human beings were equal. The book is very important because it portrays many aspects of the society. Through the novel, we learn more about a thief. The book is divided into three main parts. Several themes are clearly portrayed in the novel, for example, the theme of family as well as legal and lawless cruelty. As the story begins, Pablos is a child whereas his father Clemente Pablos is a thief and a barber. Aldonza, Pablos’ mother is portrayed as a witch and a prostitute.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More We learn through Pablos that his mother was a new Christian convert. Pablos had a brother who had been flogged to death in prison, as he was a thief. The characters in the story are satirized. For example, being a barber, we do not expect Pablos’ father to be a thief. He has a right way of earning his living. The character of the mother is also satirized because as a new Christian convert, she should not engage in prostitution. Witchcraft is too not advocated for in the Christian life. Pablos was interested in studies and his parents allowed him to enroll in a school. Don Diego Coronel was Pablos’ best friend at school. He is faced with many challenges at school after which he decides t o stop schooling. He decides not to go back home again. Don Diego remains to be his best friend and he too leaves school. Don Alanso, the father of Diego decides to hand over the two boys as wards to Dominle Cabra in Segovia. Pablos and Diego suffer a lot in the hands of Cabra especially lack of enough food. The death of one boy due to starvation made Alanso to shift the boys from that school to Alcala to continue with their studies.[3] As Alanso, Diego and Pablos travelled to Alcala, they came across a group of students who mocked Pablos. After the three arrived at Alacala, Pablos was separated from Don Diego and beaten up by some University students because he was not a person enough. Pablos shared his room with four other students who also beat him up during the night. Not being a person is not enough for one to be beaten up. It is ironical because he does not defend himself. His reaction is funny because he kills pigs, which he does not own. He holds a party in which he tricks h is property owner into giving two chickens in exchange. This is satirical because the value of a pig can never be equivalent to that of a chicken. Among the bad habits included stealing sweets from a merchant in the locality as well as swords. His friends laugh at him, because of the things that he does. The author exaggerates his characters because a sweet is a minor thing to be stolen from a merchant. Pablos should have stolen things of greater value. During their stay in Alcala, Pablos got a letter, which informed him of the death of his father who had been hanged.[4] The letter also indicated that his mother was in jail. Don Diego also received a letter from his father who warned him against his friendship with the Pablos. The friendship between Pablos and Don Diego ends. Pablos arranges to meet with one of his relatives who would arrange for Pablos inheritance of his fathers wealth who was already dead. The way in which the above problems occur to Pablos is satirical. His fathe r is hanged, his mother is in jail and his best friend leaves him. It is not possible that all of these took place at the same time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Satire in El Buscon specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As he travelled to Segovia to claim his properties, he came across an insane engineer. They discussed many topics with the engineer. They went to an inn where he met with a teacher who tried to teach him a lesson. It is satirical that the characters that Pablos interacted with were mad. Does it mean that he did not come across mentally fit persons who he could share with what he had? On their arrival to Cercedilla, they played cards where Hermit tricked them and ended up as the winner of all the games that they played. On arrival to Segovia, he met with Alanso Ramplomn his uncle. People celebrate in his uncle’s house at a great dinner where they ate and drunk. Pablos is however n ot involved in the party. As people enjoy, he moves around the compound. He returns to the house and drives away all the people present in the party except his uncle who was supposed to discuss the issue of inheritance. It is funny that Pablos decided to drive his uncles visitors away and they did nothing wrong to him and his uncle does not seem to question him. The man who claims to be a person teaches Pablos of the expected behavior in court. He taught him lying techniques as well as some of the ways in which he could take advantage of other people in some situations.[5] The main aim of the alleged hidalgo was to pass knowledge to Pablos on the way in which he could use unfair means in obtaining other peoples properties or even take advantage of other people in particular situations. Pablos is displayed as a character whose character traits are not acceptable in the society. Being corrupt is a vice discouraged by all societies.[6] Pablos and the alleged person visited Don Toribio in his house. Don Torobio is another man who claims to be a man. In this house, Pablos met with deceitful and unreliable people like thieves and gangsters. Pablos is dressed in tattered clothes, which makes his appearance funny bearing in mind that he is one person who intends to be a gentleman. Pablos was arrested and taken to the prison together with the friends he met at Toribios house. At the jail, Pablos befriended a jailer through whom he is not flogged. When Pablos told the jailer that he is related to his wife, he accepted and helped him. Does it mean that he is not aware of his wife’s relatives? â€Å"Pablos changed his name to Ramilo de Guzman and went to an inn where he pretended to be a rich man with the aim of winning Berenguela de Rebolledo, a daughter of the innkeeper.†[7] He succeeded in his lies and Berenguela allowed him to visit her during the night. She told him climb at the top of the roof so that he can enter her room without other people’s awareness. The roof collapsed as he tried to enter the room after which the innkeepers wake up, beat him up and finally throw him to jail again. It is very difficult to access a room through the roof.[8]Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As he was in jail, he suffered a lot as he was beaten up until two men one from Portugal and the other one from Catalonia saved him. Again, he changes his name to Don Felipe Tristan. Villa is the residence of the two rich women. One of the women has three married nieces and she wants Pablos to marry one of them. Pablos falls in love with Dona Ana the most beautiful girl of the three. During Pablos’ picnic with Dona Ana, they came across Don Diego who recognizes Pablos at the first sight. Pablos does not however recognize him. Pablos stays behind until he changes to his new begging career.[9] In his begging career, Pablos met with Valcazar a beggar who introduced him to the world of begging. He used the money he obtained from begging to buy new clothes. In addition, he bought a hat and a sword. He then migrated to Toledo where people did not know him. In Toledo, he joined comedic actors where he worked as a scriptwriter. He was also a poet in Toledo. At this place, his new nam e was Alanso el Cruel. Unfortunately, the arrest of the group leader by the police led to the disintegration of the group. Pablos leaves the acting career and falls in love with a nun. Finally, Pablos travels to Seville and joins a group of gangsters. The gangsters went out, drunk and ate together so that they lost control over their behavior. Pablos and the other thieves were fortunate as they managed to escape. It is satirical that Pablos and the other gangsters managed to escape from the police bearing in mind that they were intoxicated and therefore they did not have control on themselves. After this, they travelled to Indies to see if there will be any positive change in their lives. We however learn through Pablos that life was even harder for him in America.[10] Conclusion Satire is a very useful stylistic device. The use of satire makes works interesting such that individual feel like they should continue reading. As people read satirize works, they laugh and all their atten tion is drawn into what they are reading. For example, the reader of this novel will be interested to know the reason behind Pablos’ change of names. In many cases, people who change their names so that they cannot be recognized usually have bad motives. The stages through which Pablos passes are satirized. He moves from being a beggar, scriptwriter and a poet, falls in love with a nun and finally joins a group of gangsters. In each stage, he changed his names. The novel is full of characters that are not morally upright. We have weared characters in the novel like witches and thieves who are not acceptable in many societies. Satire is used in development of the plot of the story. Bibliography Barnstone, W. (1997). Six Masters of the Spanish Sonnet: Francisco de Quevedo, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Antonio Machado, Federico Garcia Lorca, Jorge Luis Borges, Miguel Hernandez. New York, NY: SIU Press. Cruz, A. (1999). Discourses of poverty: social reform and the picaresque novel in early modern Spain. New York, NY: University of Toronto Press. Dunn, P. (1993). Spanish picaresque fiction: a new literary history. London: Cornell University Press. Quevedo, F. (1610). El Buscon, Francisco de Quevedo Villegas (1580–1645), Filologà ­a, 9, pp. 163–200. Footnotes Barnstone, W. (1997). Six Masters of the Spanish Sonnet: Francisco de Quevedo, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Antonio Machado, Federico Garcia Lorca, Jorge Luis Borges, Miguel Hernandez. New York: SIU Press. Barnstone, W. (1997). Six Masters of the Spanish Sonnet: Francisco de Quevedo, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Antonio Machado, Federico Garcia Lorca, Jorge Luis Borges, Miguel Hernandez. New York: SIU Press. P. 22. Barnstone, W. (1997). Six Masters of the Spanish Sonnet: Francisco de Quevedo, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Antonio Machado, Federico Garcia Lorca, Jorge Luis Borges, Miguel Hernandez. New York: SIU Press. P. 30. Barnstone, W. (1997). Six Masters of the Spanish Sonnet: Francisco de Que vedo, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Antonio Machado, Federico Garcia Lorca, Jorge Luis Borges, Miguel Hernandez. New York: SIU Press. P. 45. Barnstone, W. (1997). Six Masters of the Spanish Sonnet: Francisco de Quevedo, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Antonio Machado, Federico Garcia Lorca, Jorge Luis Borges, Miguel Hernandez. New York: SIU Press. P. 70. Quevedo, F. (1610). El Buscon, Francisco de Quevedo Villegas (1580–1645), Filologà ­a, 9, pp. 163–200. Quevedo, F. (1610). El Buscon, Francisco de Quevedo Villegas (1580–1645), Filologà ­a, 9, pp. 163–200. Cruz, A. (1999). Discourses of poverty: social reform and the picaresque novel in early modern Spain. New York, NY: University of Toronto Press. P. 115. Ibid. p. 120. Dunn, P. (1993). Spanish picaresque fiction: a new literary history. London: Cornell University Press. This essay on The Role of Satire in El Buscon was written and submitted by user Jazlyn Fox to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Health Behaviors as Mediators for the Effect of Partner Abuse on Infant Birth Weight

Health Behaviors as Mediators for the Effect of Partner Abuse on Infant Birth Weight Free Online Research Papers Health Behaviors as Mediators for the Effect of Partner Abuse on Infant Birth Weight The title of this study is Health Behaviors as Mediators for the Effect of Partner Abuse on Infant Birth weight. The research topic is reflective of the title. The research question stated that â€Å"Intimate partner abuse of pregnant women has been linked to the delivery of low birth-weight infants† ( Kearney, 2004 p.2) . The purpose of this study was to explore the role of substance abuse such as smoking, alcohol, drugs and weight gain of less than 15 pounds as possible factors that contribute to lower infant birth-weight. The problem of this study is to determine whether intimate partner abuse of pregnant women correlates with lower birth weight. Also, the researchers wanted to find out if substance abuse and other variables such as poor nutrition and demographic risk factors put a woman at risk for low birth -weight infants. This study was done within ethical standards. Chart reviews were completed on the sample since they were standard questions and didn’t need approval. However, the Institutional review board (IRB) did give approval for each prenatal care site to obtain other data throughout the study. In the review of literature, there were eleven references five years or less and 27 references older than five years. The review was concise in explaining the results of the study. The review does flow logically from the purpose of the study to completion. However, the article was somewhat confusing with all the variables. Both classic and current sources were included. Direct quotes as well as paraphrases were used considering the 38 references. There were many aspects to this study and support for the theory. Opposing literature was also cited in several instances.. The researchers reported their own statistical findings from their chosen analysis. They researched several data sources, and quoted where material was obtained in order to validate the study. For example, authors Curry et al., 1998; and Parker et al., 1994 had published an article on previous studies of abuse during pregnancy. Kearney et al., from this current article used some of the previously published infor mation and statistics, expanding on findings and including data in this research paper. The opposing theory recorded in this article was the effect of the correlation between the dependant and independent variables. Many instances indicated that there was little correlation between abuse and low birth-weight infants despite the fact that the purpose of this study was to see if there was a correlation between these variables. Several explanations were given as to why theories could not be proven according to revealed statistics and studies. However, there were many links as to what may cause low birth-weight infants. There was really no existing theory, so the researchers in this study used a conceptual framework to serve as the â€Å"impetus for the formulation of a theory† (Niewswiadomy, p.95). The hypotheses was based on proposed theoretical relations (Kearney, p. 1). Negative factors such as alcohol use, and poor weight-gain less than 15 pounds may predict the birth-weight. Another theoretical relation was that variables such as low income and maternal age less than 20 years were factors that increase the likelihood of low birth-weight infants. There were many independent variables covered in this article which helped to close the gap between the purpose and the literature findings. The method by which this study was conducted was stated in the research paper. Thirteen prenatal care sites participated in the study. They conducted and evaluated chart reviews for â€Å"non-representative sample of women who had been screened during pregnancy for intimate partner abuse.† (Kearney , p.5) The population of these women included various types of payments for health insurance and some women paid their own health insurance. â€Å"A large number of charts (N =5,745) of women who enrolled for care over a 30 month period were reviewed. Screening by hospitals for possible abusive situations was less than 50%. So the final number for this analysis was (N = 1969) of the birth-weight that was actually known after birth ( Kearney, 2004 , p.5). Also, substance abuse data of these women was taken into consideration. The instruments used for this study were both valid and reliable. Instruments included the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) and a Multiple regression analysis. Violence to these women was easily detected through these instruments. Investigators conducted chart reviews and abstracted variables such as â€Å"demographic, obstetric, and birth outcome data from medical records† (Kearney , p. 6) . Multiple regression analysis was used with several variables that would account for possible decreases in birth-weight of newborn infants. The correlation of birth weight and abuse were studied. The data was assimilated and ‘in the sample of 1,969 women, small but significant zero-order correlations were seen between birth-weight and recent partner abuse† (Kearney, p.9). It was concluded that there are many factors that predict low birth-weight. The ones cited most were the single mother and negative health behaviors such as smoking and low weight gain, less than 15 pounds. Also, abuse was not a strong factor in predicting low infant birth-weight. However, smoking and drug use may increase the incidence. Single marital status often reflects low social support. Negative health behaviors and race (variables) was weakly linked to abuse. Generally, it depends on one’s social conditions. Ã…buse can happen in any social status (Kearney, p. 9). This article rates number four in the critique category of satisfying the basic requirements of scientific research. The study was approved by the IRB and approval was maintained for each of the 13 sites for the duration of the data collection (Kearney, p.8) . This study can easily be used with other cultures in determining the impact of drugs and abuse. Mostly, the African American population was cited. This is because more African Americans are in a lower socio-economic status often times than are whites. They may not be able to have a well-balanced diet and as a result infant birth-weight could be slightly lower. Several variables were used, especially variables that could explain the low birth-weight of these infants. Some of these variables included demographic, medical and obstetric risk factors. These variables were all recorded (Kearney, 2004, p. 6) . The study was simplified by those conducting the data by use of the Abuse Assessment screen. The assessment screen was used for emotional and physical abuse during pregnancy. However, the yes or no questions may have not always had truthful answers. (Kearney, p. 12) Prior to beginning this research, nurses were trained in each of the 13 settings regarding proper use of this tool, in order to make the study valid. Variables only indirectly caused low birth-weight of infants. It is only natural for abused women to abuse themselves in other ways, due to stress. More often, the low socioeconomic status, poor nutrition, and lack of education regarding the use of illicit substances during pregnancy could cause low birth-weight infants. Single marital status was the strongest contributory factor in causing low birth-weight infants (Kearney, p.ll). The abuse often occurs when a significant other is also stressed due to many concerns surrounding the pregnancy such as financial stress. In the final discussion and conclusion, according to Kearney, obstetric covariates explained 27% of the variance in birth weight. Abuse explained a very small 0.2%, but significant portion of the variance in birth weight after control was used for the obstetric covariates of gestational age, iatrogenic prematurity, and preterm rupture of membranes.† Scientific methods to obtain the hypothesis were quite detailed, and there were many extraneous variables included that may cause the low birth-weight of infants. This article allowed the reader to see that other variables might be a topic in future studies for the prediction of low birth weight infants. For example, partner abuse may occur simultaneously with substance abuse, but is not the main factor. In conclusion, the author’s of this research study do recommend future studies regarding the role that other factors may play in an infant’s well being (Kearney, p. 12). The studies did make one aware that it is necessary for women to have comprehensive prenatal abuse screenings and more support during their pregnancies in order to assure the best possible outcome for both mother and baby. References Kearney, M., Munro, B., Ursula, K., Hawkins, J. (2004). Health Behaviors as Mediators for the Effect of Partner Abuse on Infant Birth Weight, Nursing Research, Volume 53 (1), pp 36-45 Research Papers on Health Behaviors as Mediators for the Effect of Partner Abuse on Infant Birth WeightThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseResearch Process Part OnePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Incorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalCapital PunishmentAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Project Managment Office System

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example These subcultures would include, age, income, gender, social class, ethnicity, norms as well as cultural beliefs among others. Different markets equally exist and they all have particular characteristics, which are directly or indirectly influential towards consumer behavior especially as relating to the subcultures outlined above (Mullins and Walker, 2014, para 1-6). Is this study, this paper focuses on evaluating the comparatively the impacts of age and income as subcultures towards consumer behavior in the holiday market. The study therefore focuses on how particular subcultures (age and income in this case) influence the way consumer(s) reason, think, choose and make decisions on different brands, products or even services in focus to the holiday markets. Besides, the study will evaluate how the subcultures have influence on the manner of decisions and choices made by the consumers. The understanding of the holiday market would be better understood through the model of ‘travel-buying behavior’, which is what the market entails. The linear five-stage model developed by Mathieson and Wall in 1982 illustrates various components that influence the consumer behavior in the holiday market. The first segment explains how the desire or need for travel (may be for a holiday) develops and this is followed by the consumer gathering information in the market. Having enough and relevant information aids at decision making by the consumer while deciding between alternatives after which the necessary preparation commences. Travel and such other experiences as are characteristic in holiday market explain the outcomes of behaviors adopted by the consumer. The fifth stage illustrates the stage of evaluation, as the consumer would have to do after such a market experience(Mathieson and Wall, 1982, p. 95). Literature and past studies reveal that consumers are directly influenced by age especially when it regards free will consumer decisions such as are involved

What is philosophy, and how does in differ form myth and religion Essay

What is philosophy, and how does in differ form myth and religion - Essay Example Quite interestingly, there are no writings of authored by Socrates that propagated during his lifetime. What’s more, his life has been the subject of a bitter ending but needless to say that his tragic ending ended in vain. Though he had not been popular or rich in his endeavors, he was gifted with students who carried with them the teachings of their ostracized and misunderstood teacher. Charged with corrupting the mind of the youth, Socrates came to suffer a painful death. Yet it is his fervent passion in teaching that has transcended the centuries up to this day where the ‘Socratic method is being widely used as the preferred system of teaching among progressive schools. The asking of the ‘why’ in all that we do is the penultimate requisite in all the things we do as he had emphasized. This proves the idea that it is more often in the questions that we ask that we are searching than the answers we provided or are provided that lies where the truth is. And in the process, we figure out who we truly are and why we do the things that we do. According to the Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, Socrates while living in Athens, saw how the children were educated. Sophists, who were paid for their vocation, taught their students on ways to be successful in life (pp. 375-379). How they are to be rich later on in their lives. But they never questioned the right way. Socrates was more intent on showing the right way. He contended that there are general principles that should justify the behavior of man. These principles should be taught and that they must be the main focus of their life’s education in the process. Though without any paper with his name affixed on it, the influence of Socrates can be traced on the writings of Plato. Through him, the teachings of Socrates were passed down through the generations. It is in the ‘’Dialogues’ of Plato that we came to be

Materials Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Materials Engineering - Essay Example Many times, efforts would go in vain resulting into honeycombed elements upon removal of the formwork. In conventional concreting process, not only is there a chance of segregation and honeycombing in the concrete structural element, but also, chances that concrete would not even approach certain corners are quite fair causing steel to be exposed to open air and facilitating rusting and hence an altogether loss of strength of the structural member. This together with other difficulties in the preparation of conventional concrete and the exaggerated length of time and effort consumed in vibrating it called for a need to have such a model of concrete that would not require vibration to uniformly reach every corner in the element. Also, vibration was a tedious process and required effort of a large crew that would add a lot to the total cost of concreting. In addition to that, vibrated concrete leads to differential compaction and hence, varying durability along the length of the member . In response to these problems, after years of research and experimentation, engineers came up with such a model of concrete that did not require any vibration and was intrinsically self compacting in nature. Today, use of self compacting concrete is widely employed in structures and elements of dense and complicated reinforcement design. â€Å"Self-compacting concrete was first developed in 1988 to achieve durable concrete structures.† (Okamura and Ouchi, 2003). Because of the manifold enhancement in its performance, self compacting concrete (SCC) is also referred to as high performance concrete (HPC). HPC can be defined as, â€Å"Concrete that meets special performance and uniformity requirements that may not always be obtained using conventional ingredients, normal mixing procedures and typical curing practices.† (American Concrete Institute, 1997). The requirements that ACI refers to include but are not limited to ease of

How To Straighten Teeth Without Wearing Braces English Language Essay

How To Straighten Teeth Without Wearing Braces English Language Essay You might wonder if it is really possible to straighten your teeth and have them in a pearly row without having to wear braces. A few years ago if you had buck teeth or uneven teeth then your only option of getting them straightened was to opt for braces. This is considered to be quite cumbersome as it involves the painful process of wearing braces. However this is a thing of the past. This will spare you from having to wear braces for years. You now do have the option of being able to cut short the process of straightening your teeth and not go through the painful and long drawn out process of having to wear braces. And yet go on to have the best of teeth. The latest is the use of invisalign in place of the traditional braces that have always been used. The way the invisalign is made is that it has a set of retainer like mouthpieces. The role of these are to ensure that your teeth are straight and in a row. It takes about a year to straighten out your teeth by using invisalign and sparing yourself the use of braces. However, the flip side to invisalign is that they work well on teeth with minor misplacement. Another option for you could be the use of veneers. The use of veneers ensures that you are able to apply them directly to your teeth and you wont have to deal with the old imperfect row of teeth any longer. There are two different kinds of veneers that you can choose from which are either porcelain or composite. You can discuss it further with the orthodontist regarding whether it will be the right kind of thing to opt for, for your kind of teeth. If your teeth are overcrowded then you might be able to go for cosmetic contouring rather than having braces on. This is an absolutely pain free process and will have your teeth reshaped by a cosmetic dentist. Within a visit or two to the dentist you will be done. Therefore, it does not take that long a process as with braces. There are removable orthodontic appliances that you can wear at night or on specific days. These though work best on the upper row of teeth. If you want to avoid the use of braces then this might work out to be a good enough option to talk over with the orthodontist. There are retainers that can help correct the alignment of the teeth. Ask your dentist if one of these can be designed specifically for your teeth. However, keep in mind that most of these techniques work for people who need minor corrections to their teeth. In case they need major straightening of the teeth then they might not be the right kind of candidate for this kind of procedure. If you have already worn braces for a while and then given up on them, then this kind of procedure will work fine for you. 11.  Ã‚  Ã‚  How Can I Remove Stains From Ceramic Braces? Many people prefer to opt for ceramic braces as they are less visible and intrusive. They are more aesthetic than the full metal ones. These ceramic braces need to be attached to the tooth surface using ligatures which are tiny rubber bands and thin metals. This helps in the realignment of the teeth. This in turn adds to the stain on the teeth as they easily pick up the stains from the food and drink that they are exposed to. This starts looking ugly and unattractive and can go on to give your teeth a really ugly yellowish hue to them. The first thing that you should do is to bring to the attention of the orthodontist the stains and how they affect you. The glue that is used will be minimized and regular visits to the orthodontist will ensure that you have no noticeable stains on your teeth. When you choose the colors for the ligature ensure that you choose right. There are some colors that stain less when compared to other colors. It is a not a good idea to opt for ligatures that are invisible and white in color as the chances of them getting stained are more. On the other hand ligatures that are dark in color such as blacks and maroons will stain less. The only thing that you might mind with these dark ligatures is that they make the wearing of braces obvious. Pastel colors are a good option and they show less of staining with enough good dental hygiene. The next thing that you need to consider in order to go on and keep your cosmetic braces and teeth stain free is good hygiene. This includes brushing and flossing of your teeth diligently and regularly. Ensure that you are able to reach the hard to reach areas as well. 12.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Take Care of Your Braces To Get The Best Smile If you want to be left behind with one of the most dazzling of smiles after the braces treatment then you do need to ensure that you take good care of the braces. The thing is that when you have braces on you have more bands, brackets and wires in your teeth than you will have at any other time in your life. This makes brushing of your teeth far more difficult that is the reason you need to learn of the right way to go about and brush your teeth. Also, with the braces on you will not be able to chew in the most normal of fashions. This is one of the reasons why you should maintain top hygienic conditions in order to avoid any development of cavities in your teeth. This can further foster the entrapment of food and pieces of your meal which can go on to create tartar and plaque on your teeth. As you brush between the wires of your braces you should ensure that you take due care of them. Also you should ensure that you do follow the restrictions that have been laid down by your orthodontist. This will go on to increase the treatment options and within no time your braces will be off and you will be left behind with a sparkling smile to boot. Ensure that you make the right food choices when you have your braces on. Do not gorge on sticky food as this will cause more dental decay and make it difficult for you to go on and clean between your braces. Also, try and eliminate hard and crunchy foods from your diet as this might go on to harm your braces and interfere with the treatment. The hard food can go on to bend and warp the braces which will interfere with your treatment. Also, the rubber bands will be loosened and this will not go on to place enough tension on to your teeth. Do not put anything into your mouth whilst you have braces on such as pencils, pens, fingers, ice cubes as this will affect your braces. Do not eat food with a high content of citric acid as it will make your teeths enamel weak and dissolve it. The next thing to keep in mind when you have your braces on is that you do need to take the utmost care of your teeth and hygiene in fact more than what you did previously. What you need to do is to brush and floss your teeth diligently at least three times a day if not multiple amounts of times. Also, floss with great care so as to remove the hidden particles of food from every nook and crevice of your teeth. Do not bite your fingernails or plastic packaging. If you take all of these considerations, the moment you remove your braces you will be left behind with the most dazzling of smiles. 13 Affordable Orthodontics How to Find Cheap Dental Braces You know htat you need to have braces on your teeth in order to straighten them out and get the best smile possible for yourself, but what is holding you back in the cost for the braces. Do not despair as there are ways by which you can go on to have the best possible braces for yourself without emptying out your wallet. What you need to consider is the finding of cheap dental braces. There are ways in which you can go on to save big money on your braces. You might want to look at your insurance policy but unless you have a separate policy for dental care your policy will not go on to cover it. Moreover, you should have taken the policy way before the need for one arose. Also, with the insurance policy there is a specified limit and once you go on to cross that limit you will not find any further financial help. Another alternative to this is to opt for a discounted dental plan. This is a plan that goes on to offer you a hefty discount on the orthodontist treatment that you opt for. This discounted dental plan goes on to work even for existing concerns unlike in the case of an insurance plan. What you need to do is to join the plan and then you can avail of the discounts right away. Another way to get yourself cheap braces is to discuss it with your orthodontist or their office. You might feel hesitant and embarrassed to ask for a discount but you will be amazed at the amount that you can save that way. There are dentists who might offer you a discount in their fees or the materials that goes into the treatment for braces. There are several trainee hospitals that need patients for their students to be able to learn. You can take an appointment with one of these. These might be completely free or they might just charge you for the materials used. You need not worry as the students are under the strict vigilance of their coach who is a trained professional orthodontist. The only flip side to this is that it might take a wee bit longer than envisaged. But, it is certainly worth it as you end up getting the treatment almost free of cost. If you are looking for saving more money on the braces then you can let your orthodontist know about that and they will show you braces that are not that aesthetic to look at but work just as well. these are priced at a far more lower rate and they actually work in straightening out your teeth and getting you a discount as well. The approximate costs for braces works out to be about $5000 but if you play it smart you can get them done at a far cheaper rate than that. 14 How to Clean Your Mouth With Dental Braces When you have braces on your mouth is going to be filled with wires, brackets and metal of all kind. This will make it all the more hard for an ordinary tooth brush to reach the various parts of your mouth and teeth. But, it is absolutely imperative that you brush and floss diligently several times in a day if you want to keep cavity and gum disease at bay. That is one of the reasons why you need to adopt a stringent hygiene control method that will have you cleaning your teeth and mouth in the right manner. you need to ensure that you eat the right kinds of food that are not sticky and hard so as to stick to your teeth and be hard for a brush to remove. Also, avoid food that is highly acidic in nature in order to guard your teeth enamel against weakening and wearing off. Avoid all kinds of food that is high in fructose and glucose as they are sticky and a natural breeding ground for bacteria. The first thing to remember when you have braces on is to brush and floss your teeth after every meal that you eat. Before you go to bed at night it is imperative that you clean your mouth well and remove all traces of food from it. You need a soft brush and one that is able to give you a thorough brushing. Make your toothbrush and toothpaste your best friends and carry them along with you wherever you go. This will enable you to get into the habit of brushing after every meal no matter where you are. Every time that you visit your orthodontist they will clean your teeth professionally in order to remove any build up of plaque and tartar. There are dentists that might go on to apply braces wax on your teeth in order to go on and protect it from the harmful effect of food on it. Also, there are a few readymade braces cleaning kits available in the market. The braces kit will consist of a range of toothbrushes, toothpastes, and dental wax. When you have all of this in one place you will be more likely to reach out for them and use them. Make sure that you pay special attention to the kind of toothpaste and tooth brush that you use. The toothbrush should have an angular head and be able to brush at all angles. The bristles on it should be soft. The toothbrush should have special ingredients to help it fight tooth decay and work at it for a longer duration. There is no two ways about oral hygiene being extremely important and more so when you have braces on. You need to strive really hard to keep your teeth; braces and mouth squeaky clean and stop the buildup of bacteria in them. Using all of these techniques you are bound to have teeth that are sparkling even with braces on. 15.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Things to Know Before Getting Dental Braces Is there one person in this world who does not want the best of smiles? A good smile is one that has all the teeth in a row and sparking white. All of us are not gifted with the best of teeth but with the help of braces you can go on to significantly straighten out your teeth. Braces are certainly going to be good for you but you need to ask a few relevant and pertinent questions before you go about with them. This will enable you to know what you are getting into. The first thing that you should ask your orthodontist is about the treatment and how long will it take. You will also want to find out the cost about the treatment for the braces so that you arent in for any unpleasant shocks mid-way through the treatment. Also, ask if you need braces for the top and the bottom row of teeth. This can further lower the cost for you. Furthermore, check the kind of braces that you will get. Will they be metal, ceramic or invisalign? This will decide on the cost. The average costs of braces come up to $5000. The next thing for you to do is to find out whether your insurance plan will cover the cost for the braces and how much of it. Go though the insurance policy that you have in order to find that out. Ask your orthodontist what you should expect at each stage of the braces treatment. This will allow you to know the exact duration, and outcomes so that you wont be disappointed or expect more than need be. When you are asking your orthodontist the questions ensure that you ask them about the care and precautions that you will have to take with your braces on. This will ensure that you are ready to make all the sacrifices needed in order to go ahead and eat the right kind of food. You will have to realize that you will have to give up smoking, all kinds of carbonated drinks and sticky sugary food. But all of this is certainly going to be worth it when you see your smile in the mirror and your teeth in a straight row. Also, you will be able to gain the kind of confidence like none other. You might also want to ask your orthodontist which braces will suit you the best. If your teeth are really crooked and need a whole lot of straightening work to be done on them then you need metallic braces. There are also the latest almost transparent invisalign braces. Ask the right kind of questions and get yourself for the most beautiful of smiles once your braces are off. When you go in for the next dental check up and are considering getting yourself braces then go on and ask these questions to your dentist to make the right decision. 16.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teeth and Gums Care While Wearing Dental Braces The good thing about wearing braces is that you will be able to get your teeth in line and the smile that you deserve. However, the flip side to wearing braces is that you need to ensure that you maintain the best of hygiene in order to be able to keep your teeth and gums in top notch condition. There are several hard to reach areas in your mouth and they become all the more difficult once you have metals and wires in your mouth. Under that circumstance, what you need to do is to ensure that you clean your mouth multiple times in a day. This will make certain that you are able to avoid cavities and the multiplying of harmful bacteria in your mouth. The first thing that you need to ensure once you have the braces on is the dental hygiene and the time and effort that you devote to it. You dont want to be left with straight teeth but those full of carries. That will certainly serve no purpose for you. Invest in a braces cleaning kit. This will consist of different kinds of toothbrushes such as the angular headed ones that are able to reach the most hidden of nooks and crevices in your mouth. Also, you will need a special kind of toothpaste that is good at fighting tooth decay and works for a longer time. The onus of brushing and flossing your teeth regularly lies completely on you. Braces can be one of the hardest of appliances to brush because of the multitude of rubber bands, wires and metals on them. If you dont brush well enough then you can be left behind with the most ugly of stains on your teeth that will refuse to go away. Do not allow any particles of food to cling to your teeth. With vigilant and stringent brushing you will be able to remove them right away. Also, ensure that you gargle after every mouthful that you eat. This will ensure that you have no food particles and harmful bacteria left in your mouth. Another thing that you need to care about is the kind of food that you eat. There are chances of the braces breaking or the rubber bands losing their tension if the food that you eat is hard, crunchy and hard to bite. Therefore, the best thing is to avoid these kinds of food that can not only hamper with your braces treatment but also come in between the way you are able to maintain your teeth. Try and avoid a whole lot of uncooked food as they are not only tough but tend to harbor more bacteria on them. This will go on to gather more tartar and plaque. Acidic food and carbonated drinks will wear off the enamel off your teeth and leave permanent stains on them. Avoid these while you have braces on. All these techniques will ensure that you are able to keep your teeth sparklingly clean and tidy. 17.  Ã‚     Take Care of Your Braces To Get The Best Smile Once you have decided to get yourself braces the next thing that you should ensure for the optimum success of the treatment is that you take good care of them. Usually, a braces treatment lasts about two years and within those two years if you take care of your braces you will come out with a row of the pearliest white teeth. The two things that you need to keep in mind are that you need to be careful about the kind of food and drink that you choose and the maintenance of dental and gum hygiene. Once you are able to care for these two things you will be able to go about your natural activities and ensure that the braces last you throughout the treatment. Also, you will be able to get for yourself the best of smiles ever in the shortest of duration. The care that you take of the rubber bands, the metal wires and the overall braces bracket will ensure that they work really well for you. The best thing for you to do is to go ahead and brush your teeth in the right manner. With the help of the right brushing technique you will be able to brush your teeth in such a way that there is no build up of hidden food at all. Ask your orthodontist about the right way of brushing and flossing and they will be able to guide you about this. The mouth care regime should become one of your top most priorities once you have braces on. This will ensure that you are able to care for your teeth and gums and not have any cavities developing in them. The best thing about the braces is that the care for them is really simple and you need not invest in a whole lot of expensive material to do so. All that you need is a braces kit that consists of the right kind of toothbrushes, toothpastes and flossing material. The next thing that you need to ensure is what kind of food that you eat with the braces on. You need to avoid hard and sticky food as that is the thumb rule with braces on. Do not keep anything in your mouth such as pens, pencils and your fingers as well. avoid a whole lot of raw food such as apples and carrots as biting into them is difficult and might cause you problems. Do not have too many carbonated and acidic drinks as well as this will go on to wear off the enamel and make your teeth stain easily. Sticky food such as gum, sweets, food with a whole lot of sucrose and fructose in it, chips, popcorn and peanuts are best avoided when you have braces. With this minimal amount of care you will be just fine with your braces on. 18.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Color Ideas for Braces Gone are the days and times when wearing braces was considered to be the end of fashionable you. Rather, with the new age braces you can choose from the ample amount of different colors available and go on to make the best fashion statements possible. You will love the way you have so much of color variety. There are almost thirty or so colors that you can go on and choose from. The first thing that you should do is to find out from your orthodontist what the colors that they would recommend are. Ask for the color wheel at the orthodontist to get an idea of it. The dentist will be able to tell you about the different kind of hues and color tones that look good on teeth, your face, your personality and facial features. The usual colors that people usually reach out for dark shades such as blues, reds and maroons. The colors that you certainly need to keep away from are whites and yellows as they highlight the stains on your teeth and make them look yellowish. The colors that you can choose can be according to your affiliations. You can go on and choose the colors of your country, your school or the sports team that you love. You need not only pick one color. Rather you can go on to be as creative as possible. You can choose different colors for alternate teeth such as odd and even. You can also choose different colors for your upper and lower teeth. There are several color selectors online that can help you in your choice of colors. If you like Barbie doll and are a girl then you can pick pink. This is considered to be a real hot color for braces at the moment. In pink you can choose different shades such as hot pink and baby doll pink. All that you need to do is to let your imagination and creative side run wild. You can keep in mind the current festivals, celebrations and match the colors of your braces according to that. Another way of matching the color on your braces is with the help of the colors that are predominant in your wardrobe. You will love the way you can get the most worn color or a contrast to that color on to your braces. It is so much fun to choose the best of color braces and flaunt your color style on your teeth. You will love the way you are able to make a fashion statement with the help of your braces. You can choose the color combination of orange and black for Halloween or for Thanksgiving yellow and black. Go ahead and use your braces to add on the right kind of fun element. However, keep one thing in mind that the colors the way they will look on a color selector spectrum or on the color wheel might be slightly different in reality based on the colors, the materials used and how they reflect the light on your teeth. 19 Red White And Blue Invisible Braces a comprehensive view The most used colors for braces and therein the most popular as ones are bound to be red, white and blue. This is because they look really wonderful and ensure that your teeth will look the whitest. There are several patients who love to wear braces as it promises them teeth that are in a straight line. Teeth that are aligned well enough will make so much of a difference to the way you look. This will go on to affect your personal and professional life as well. However, people werent sure of wearing braces because of the way that they would make them look but with the new age color invisalign braces on, they have become more of a color co-ordinate fashion statement for the youth. In fact people who dont have braces have begun to wish that they did. The best of colors to choose from are red and blue. The reason being these dark colors reflect the light that falls on them really well making your teeth look brighter and whiter than what they are. On the other hand be careful when you use white for your braces. The reason behind this is that white stains easily and because of this you will have your teeth magnifying any stains on them, having a yellowish hue and tinge on them. What you can do in case of white braces is to brush your teeth stringently and change the color at your next visit to the orthodontist. The three colors red, white and blue are the perfect colors to use for invisible braces. It will go on to add the right color spark and at the same time help in straightening out your teeth. This will give you the right kind of cutting edge in your braces treatment. The invisalign braces are the latest in braces technology and it will help you to straighten out your teeth and minimize any gaps that exist between them. The new age innovative designs along with the best of colors will ensure that you are able to use the very best of technology to get the kind of teeth that you have always dreamed of. Even before the braces are of, long before that you will be able to go ahead and bare your teeth and smile at the world as the color braces will add the right zing to wearing braces. The red, blue colors will add the right kind of sparkle and color. if you dont want your braces to be noticeable then you can go for the invisible white color in your braces. You can remove them when you want to and every six to seven weeks at your next orthodontists visit you can go ahead and change the color. You will love the way the new age color braces can empower you. 20.  Ã‚     How to Prevent White Spots From Braces If you have been wearing braces for a long time and when you remove them, you might notice white spots on your teeth. These white spots can be for a multitude of reasons. But, now that your braces are off you do want to go ahead and remove them so that you have the well-aligned pearly set of teeth ever. The first thing for you to keep in mind is that these white spots are predominantly formed from the food that gets entrapped in between the wires and metal of the braces and the bacteria start to work on it. The first thing that you should ensure is the best of oral hygiene. Constant brushing and flossing of the teeth at regular intervals will ensure that the white spots are not there or minimalistic white spots are there once you remove your braces. Ensure that you use fluoridated toothpaste as that will ensure that there is no build up of bacteria on your teeth. Also, use a toothbrush with an angular head so that it is able to reach all the nooks and crevices of your teeth. As soon as you eat something you should go ahead and brush your teeth and if you cant do that then rinse your mouth with water. When you have your braces on avoid acidic food. This will wear off the enamel on your teeth and will go on to make your teeth look yellowish and stained. You need to avoid all kinds of sugary food such as candies, brownies, carbonated drinks, sticky food and the like if you want no spots to be left behind once your braces are off. Also, at the next visit to your orthodontist ask him if you need to take any other precautions in order to ensure that what is left behind after the braces treatment are teeth that are not only straight but sparkling and pearly white. Look at your tooth brush carefully and replace it often enough. The bristles on your toothbrush should be soft and reach the hardest to reach area in your mouth. What you need to do is to brush as often as possible and the moment you see your toothbrush showcasing signs of wear and tear then go ahead and replace it. Also, when you have your braces on go ahead and drink plenty of water after you have eaten. This is an easy way to dislodge any food particles that might be stuck in your mouth and in between teeth. If you must use a mouthwash then dont use the ones that are bought off the shelf. These contain alcohol that go on to dry your mouth and results in more problems. Make a mouthwash at home if you must using herbs such as mint. There can be nothing to replace regular brushing and flossing of your teeth if you want to have no stains on your teeth after the braces are removed. The one simple rule is that if you want to avoid white spots keep your teeth clean.

Academic Progress: Will No Child Be Left Behind? Essay -- essays paper

Academic Progress: Will No Child Be Left Behind? â€Å"These reforms express my deep belief in our public schools and their mission to build the mind and character of every child, from every background, in every part of America.†Ã¢â‚¬â€President George W. Bush (Executive Summary, 2001). â€Å"We like the bill, but this is a resource issue.†Ã¢â‚¬â€Peter McWalters, commissioner of education in Rhode Island (Coeyman, 2002). â€Å"No Child Left Behind? Everyone hates it. It’s a joke. Not obtainable.†Ã¢â‚¬â€teacher. The No Child Left Behind Act provides incentives for school districts to bring up academic progress, but instead the pressure involved may lead to poor-performing schools falsifying data, teaching to the test, or promoting unprepared students instead of truly improving student performance. Schools which do not achieve their Academic Yearly Progress for two sequential years will suffer loss of funding, corrective action, and may be closed. However, the only way to gauge academic progress on a nation-wide level is through standardized testing, which has serious limitations as a diagnostic tool. The concept of Academic Yearly Progress can lead to bizarre and arbitrary classifications of successful and failing. In additional, some of the corrective measures prescribed by NCLB may be inadequate. Rather than merely reaffirming the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, President Bush oversaw a complete restructuring. This restructuring, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, decrees that every student will be at the academic level deemed proficient by the 2013-14 school year. To achieve this goal, it calls for strict academic accountability. States still have the responsibility of determining their own statewide assessment programs, but... ...same amount of time; the fallacy of the principal as sole instructional leader; the fallacy of setting standards on the basis of exceptions; and the fallacy of uniform standards for all children. The fallacy that all children can learn --at the same level and in the same amount of time.† (2002) And if they cannot learn, we can switch them around, from teacher to teacher, school to school. The Act is unfailingly optimistic. That optimism will destroy any effect that the reform could have. No Child Left Behind is an earnest attempt to fix a real problem- the academic achievement gap between the children of the haves and the children of the have-nots in this country. Unfortunately, the Act gives a rigid timetable and a list of penalties and punishments without giving beleaguered schools solid, concrete examples of how to implement these reforms.

Isabel Calway Great Expectations Coursework Essay

In this essay I am going to write about how Dickens presents Estella and Magwitch, two key characters in the story, and the purpose of them.  Pip firsts meets Magwitch in a graveyard on Christmas Eve. He has a leg iron, this shows that the story was written when leg irons were still used, in the Victorian times.  Pip firsts meets Magwitch in a graveyard on a cold Christmas Eve. Pip finds him threatening and is scared by him we know this because pip tells us that he was ‘a fearful man all in coarse grey’ and when they first meet, Magwitch says ‘keep still you little boy or I’ll cut your throat’. He asks him to bring him some food and drink and a file He does exactly what Magwitch asked him to do, and brings him all the things he needed. Even through pip is threatened by him he is still intrigued and asks Mrs. Joe and Joe about the ‘hulk’ where Magwitch said his was from, even Though every times he asks he gets told off he continues to ask and finds out it is a prison ship and that Magwitch must be a convict. When the police arrive at pips door on Christmas Day pip is scared it is about stealing the pork pie for the convict, but they are just there to get some handcuffs fixed by his brother-in-law Joe Gargery.  Pip makes sure that Magwitch knows it wasn’t him to told the police about his presence on the marshes, and Magwitch sticks up for pip by saying ‘I took some wittles, up at the village over yonder-where the church stands a’ most out on the marshes’ this shows the reader that Magwitch does have a heart and wants to make sure Pip doesn’t want to get him into trouble and actually has the time to say it, when he didn’t have to and it was inconvenience for him. Magwitch is not very well spoken and has an accent, Magwitch say ‘wittles’ meaning food shows he isn’t an gentleman and hasn’t been taught to speak properly he also says ‘lookee here’ and ‘dyee’. He pronounces his ‘v’ as ‘w’. Magwitch comes across as a threatening, strong and violent character but later in the story you find out that he is quite emotional and caring. He benefactors his life saving which he must have worked hard for, he gives them to pip because he lost his daughter.  aPip often refers to Magwitch as ‘my friend’ or ‘my convict’ this shows there is a real connection, most young child when threatened like Pip was would run away, but pip lingers and tries to engage Magwitch. Magwitch does affect pip he is younger life but only a bit, Pip forgets him when he is growing up, but when he finds out that he is his benefactor all of his memories come flooding back. When Pip is becoming a gentleman thanks to Magwitch he is told Magwitch would be taken to prison and maybe killed, Pip feels that it is his duty to help him and act like a son to him, as it, in a way is how Magwitch treated pip. Pip first meets Estella when he is asked to go and play at Miss Havishams home; from the moment he saw her he thought that she was beautiful when she takes him to see Miss Havisham he say that ‘she shines along the dark passage like a star’, and when he is asked by Miss Havisham what he thinks and feels about Estella the first thing he says without hesitation is ‘I think she is very pretty’.  Estella follows Miss Havisham’s every demand. Estella is repeatedly told to break pip heart by Miss Havisham and of course Estella does.  She is vulnerable towards Miss Havisham, and Pip is to her, he falls in love with her very easily even though Estella is very honest towards him by telling him not to and that she has no heart, she does allow him to kiss her on the cheek a few times, this keeps Pips love for her alive and it seems she is always present to Pip even absent. It is because of Estella Pip aspires to be a gentleman in his visits to Miss Havisham Estella frequently says things such as ‘with this boy?!, why he is a common labouring boy!’ and ‘..And what coarse hands he has! And what thick boots’ this made Pip feels negative and embarrassed about himself when before he felt positive and comfortable.  Estella plays a big role in Pips childhood she was his first love and only love, Everything he does has a connection to her, he either does it to impress her or to get closer to her and many other things, if Pip had never of met Estella he would not be so determined to do the things he did, this is a good thing because Pip turned out to have a better life then he would of with Joe, but at the same time is heart is broken, which is not positive.

How to Call in Sick Without Putting Your Job at Risk

How to Call in Sick Without Putting Your Job at Risk Calling in sick has almost fallen out of fashion. Ever heard of â€Å"presenteeism†? That’s the idea that really committed employees come to work no matter what- even when they shouldn’t. Don’t buy into this theory–there are definitely  legitimate reasons for calling in sick from time to time. Follow these rules to make sure you’re using this rare privilege appropriately.1. If you’re really sick,  please stay home.If you have a virulent new cold- or the flu- or any other highly contagious situation, STAY HOME. You won’t be productive, and you could get other people sick and then take down everyone’s productivity. Stay home for a day or two and come back refreshed. Your team will thank you.Oh, and a hangover does not count. Have an aspirin and some coffee and get your butt to work. You can’t call in â€Å"bad choices.†2. Protect your mental health.If you really need a mental health day, take one. Try sche duling in advance to avoid leaving your colleagues in the lurch. If you need to take one spontaneously, it can be okay to use a sick day. A simple â€Å"stomach bug† ought to do the trick, without requiring you to invent many details. Tickets to something cool don’t count as reasons to take a mental health day, by the way. Keep it legit.3. Assess the number of sick days to take.Does your job even give sick days? It’s a sad world when we have to ask this question, but if you don’t have any sick time, or you’ll be taking a pay cut by staying home, you’ll have to be even more discerning making your day-of decision. But again, if you’re contagious- especially if you work for the elderly or in food service- you just might have to stay home.4. Follow the rules.Remember that employee handbook you got on hiring? Look up the protocol for whom to notify and how to set up an away message on your voice and email. Make sure the chain of command is notified. Protect yourself from scrutiny. When in doubt, think about how your boss and coworkers have reacted to others calling in sick, and try to make it as uncomplicated on yourself as possible.5. Make it easy for your team.If you routinely do good and thorough work, keep your team updated, and keep all shared files and resources updated and ready for anyone to jump in and use, then taking a sick day won’t ruin anyone else’s week. Make a habit of keeping your tasks in order and dotting all your ‘i’s at the end of every day. This will make it easier for you to tag out for one day when you’re really suffering.6. Take care of your family.If you have a sick kid at home, stay home and take care of them if you can. Or if your spouse or aging parent needs urgent care, make that a priority. Most workplaces will be tolerant of a few of these emergency situations per year- just make sure you don’t abuse the privilege. Only take it when you have to and it’s legit.7. Be smart and safe.If there’s a hurricane or blizzard or monsoon out there and you don’t have a safe and ready way to work, it’s okay to stay home. Don’t put yourself in bodily danger navigating dodgy roads to get to work. That said, if the weather isn’t seriously dangerous, you should just suck it up. Sometimes it rains.8. Understand that things happen.If your toilet explodes, or you have a job interview, or something else emergent comes up, it’s okay to call in sick. Just make sure you have a really good reason and that you don’t pull this trick too often. Take care of yourself, but be sure to also take care of your job.

The Challenges of Using Nonlinear Programming, Decision Analysis, Forecasting, and Queuing in Quantitative Decision Making.

The Challenges of Using Nonlinear Programming, Decision Analysis, Forecasting, and Queuing in Quantitative Decision Making. Introduction Linear programming can be referred to as a mathematical means for deciding the outcome of a function such as maximum or minimum as per relationships known as linear relationships, which are presented in a mathematical model (Hillier et al. 2010). It can also be referred to as a method for determining linear type functions in relations to their equality or inequality constraints.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Challenges of Using Nonlinear Programming, Decision Analysis, Forecasting, and Queuing in Quantitative Decision Making. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, non linear programming refers to a process by which a set of equalities and inequalities are collectively solved over a set of known variables in comparison to a function which is either maximized or minimized provided that the function or some of the set of variables are nonlinear (Strayer, 1989). A nonlinear equation curves at some point or at many points as per the complexity of your equation. Also, non linear equations consists of exponents and the higher the exponents the more the curves when they are graphed. However, in a linear equation, the exponents are not higher than one and thus linear equations are on a straight line and their purpose is to find the line that comes closest to your data (Hiller Hiller, 2010). Sometimes, due to the close relationship between linear and nonlinear programming, it is difficult for managers to decide which of the two to use in decision analysis, forecasting and queuing in quantitative decision making. However, nonlinear programming often provides a greater precision for problem solving to managers though it is more difficult to calculate due the exponent compositions. Linear programming can be used by managers for preliminary analysis whereas nonlinear programming, due to its precision, is best for the final analysis (Hiller Hiller, 2010) It is difficult to te ll the difference between a linear programming and a nonlinear programming in almost every aspect. This is because both of them share the fact that decisions are made regarding the levels of a number of activities that have any value that satisfy given set of constraints. Also, decisions in reference to these activities are based on overall measure performance. The applications of both differ in the following three ways; The first difference is found in the nature of their relationships. It is a proven fact that nonlinear programming is used to model non proportional relationships between activity levels and overall measure of performance while linear programming assumes a proportional relationship. The second major difference is that while the constructing nonlinear formulas used in nonlinear programming, it posses a greater challenge than constructing linear formulas. The final major difference lies in the solution of linear and nonlinear equations. It is difficult to solve a non linear equations and sometimes impossible unlike the linear equations which are easy and straightforward. Thus, it can be concluded that nonlinear programming raises various challenges because it uses a more complicated relationship between the activity levels and the overall measure of the performance.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The four types of profit graphs with Non proportional Relationships are; Decreasing marginal returns graph When a graph is plotted such that profit is against the level of activity and the slope of the graph doe not in any way show increment as activity levels increase, such a graph is known as a decreasing marginal returns graph. Also, an activity is said to have decreasing marginal returns when the slope of the cost graph increases as the level of activity increases. You can also encounter decreasing marginal returns when less effi cient inputs are used to increase the activity levels (Strayer, 1989). Piecewise Linear These are termed thus because they consist of sequences of connected line segments and the slope of the profit graph remains the same within each line segment as the level of activity increases. However, the slope of the profit graph decreases at the kink where the next line segment begins and this graph can also be termed as having decreasing marginal returns (Karlin, 1959). Discontinuities graph This is a situation where the profit graph is disconnected because it suddenly jumps up or slows down due to various reasons such as when the quantity discounts for the purchase of a product is available at a time the production levels for the said product has risen beyond specific levels (Strayer, 1989). Increasing marginal returns graph This is another way in which proportionality assumption is violated. In this case, the slope of the profit graph does not decrease but at times increases with increase in the level of activity. The four types of decision criteria are as listed below: The maximax Criterion This is the decision criterion for they who are always optimistic and it states that a manager should only look on the positive side of events. This works through the identification of the maximum payoff from each decision alternative and then finding the maximum of these payoffs before choosing the corresponding decision alternatives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Challenges of Using Nonlinear Programming, Decision Analysis, Forecasting, and Queuing in Quantitative Decision Making. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Where this criterion is preferred, it is because it gives an opportunity for the best possible outcome to happen (Karlin, 1959). However, its drawback is that it ignores all the payoffs except the largest one. This means that all the rest are ignored despite their probability of success. The Max imin Criterion This is the criteria used by total pessimists because it focuses on the worst that can happen. It works through the identification of the minimum payoff from all decision alternatives and thereafter finding the maximum of these minimum payoffs before choosing a corresponding decision alternative. The rationale behind it is that it provides the best possible protection against any bad luck despite the likelihood of the decision leading to its worst state. However, it has a drawback in that it completely ignores all probabilities (Strayer, 1989). The Maximum Likelihood Criterion It focuses on the most likely state of nature by identifying that state of nature with the largest priority and choosing the decision alternative that has the largest payoff for the given state of nature. Bayes decision rule This uses the prior probabilities of the possible states of nature by using the calculation of the weighted average of its payoff through multiplication of each payoff by th e prior probability of the corresponding state of nature and then summing the products. This weighted average is termed as the expected payoff and according to Baye’s rule, the largest of this expected payoff is chosen (Karlin, 1959). Decision trees and the analysis process A decision tree can be termed as the process under which analysis progresses and decisions are made as per the analysis undertaken. Trees consist of nodes and branches. Nodes are points in the tree where events occur whereas branches can be referred to as lines coming from the nodes. There are two types of nodes; decision nodes represented by squares and indicating a point which a decision is made and an event node which is circular in nature and indicates the occurrence of a random event. Decision trees are useful for analysis and visualization of problems especially problems of complex nature. Thus, decision trees can be termed as critical in the analysis process (Gale, 1960).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The five types of Forecasting Techniques and the difference in each approach are: The last value forecasting method It is also called the naà ¯ve method and uses the last month’s sales as the forecast for the next moth. It is a reasonable method in situations where conditions change fast that previous sales before the last month are not reliable indicator of future sales. The Averaging forecasting method This is the use of the average value of all the monthly sales to date as the forecast for next month. It is used when conditions tend to remain stable throughout such that earlier sales are reliable indicator of future sales. The movings of queuing systems Commercial service system In the commercial type of service system, an organization takes the mandate of providing customers who are not from within the said organization with various services. These customers come, are served and return to their various destinations. Examples include institutions such as the Barber shop w here the customers are people and the server is the barber. Another example can be the plumbing services where the clogged pipes can be termed as the customers and the server is the plumber (Hiller Hiller, 2010). Internal service system This is a queuing system which customers receiving service are internal to the organization providing the service. Examples include the Mainframe computer where the customers are employees and the server is the computer and plumbing Inspection station where the customers are the items and the server is the inspector. Transportation Service Stations The transportation service system is a system which referrers to the involvement of transportation services. This is such that either the customer or the server is a vehicle. Examples include the highway tollbooth where the cars can be termed as the customers while the server is the cashier. Another example is the airline service where the customers are the people using the airline while the server is the airplane (Hiller Hiller, 2010). Conclusion In conclusion, as Hillier et al. (2010) states, management decisions can determine the success or failure of a firm. Thus, it is mandatory for the necessary for proper analysis and forecasting to be performed before decisions can be reached at. It is also important to note here that not all statistical tools for analysis into the decision making process have been discussed by me in this paper. This is a wide subject area that could not be covered in one assignment. However, it is an essential matter to have customers in mind whenever models are developed in any level because they are the end consumers of the company’s product and services. References Gale, D (1960). The Theory of Linear Economic Models, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Hillier, M., Hillier, S.(2010). Introduction to Management Science: A Modeling and Case Studies Approach with Spreadsheets, (4th Ed), New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin Publishing Company Karlin, S. (1959). ‘Mathematical Methods and Theory in Games,’ Programming and  Economics, vol. 1, Addison-Wesley Strayer, K. (1989). Linear Programming and Applications,New York, NY: Springer